CMP Kinesiology & Biomechanics 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: The rotator cuff is composed of which four muscles?
- Deltoid, biceps brachii, triceps, and pectoralis minor
- Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis (Correct answer)
- Trapezius, rhomboids, levator scapulae, and serratus anterior
- Biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis, and brachioradialis
Correct answer: Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis
The rotator cuff consists of supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis — collectively stabilizing the glenohumeral joint.
Question 2: Which type of joint allows rotation around a single axis, as seen in the atlantoaxial joint of the cervical spine?
- Ball-and-socket joint
- Hinge joint
- Pivot joint (Correct answer)
- Saddle joint
Correct answer: Pivot joint
A pivot joint, like the atlantoaxial joint, permits rotation around one axis — allowing the head to turn left and right.
Question 3: Pronation of the forearm involves:
- Rotating the palm to face upward (anteriorly)
- Rotating the palm to face downward (posteriorly) (Correct answer)
- Bending the elbow toward the shoulder
- Extending the wrist into hyperextension
Correct answer: Rotating the palm to face downward (posteriorly)
Pronation rotates the radius over the ulna, turning the palm to face downward or posteriorly.
Question 4: Which muscle is the primary wrist flexor located on the medial (ulnar) side of the forearm?
- Extensor carpi radialis longus
- Flexor carpi radialis
- Flexor carpi ulnaris (Correct answer)
- Palmaris longus
Correct answer: Flexor carpi ulnaris
The flexor carpi ulnaris is the primary wrist flexor on the medial side, originating from the medial epicondyle and inserting on the pisiform.
Question 5: In muscle function terminology, an 'agonist' is best described as:
- A muscle that opposes and controls the prime mover
- The primary muscle responsible for producing a specific movement (Correct answer)
- A muscle that stabilizes the proximal joint during movement
- A muscle that assists indirectly through fascial connections
Correct answer: The primary muscle responsible for producing a specific movement
The agonist (prime mover) is the muscle primarily responsible for producing the desired joint movement.
Question 6: Lumbar lordosis refers to:
- Excessive lateral curvature of the lumbar spine
- An exaggerated anterior (inward) curve of the lower back (Correct answer)
- An excessive posterior (kyphotic) curve of the thoracic spine
- Lateral deviation of the spine with vertebral rotation
Correct answer: An exaggerated anterior (inward) curve of the lower back
Lumbar lordosis is the natural inward curve of the lower back; excessive lordosis (hyperlordosis) increases this anterior curvature beyond normal.
Question 7: What is the primary role of fascia in the musculoskeletal system?
- To generate muscular contractile force
- To conduct sensory and motor nerve impulses
- To connect, support, and separate muscles and soft tissue structures (Correct answer)
- To produce synovial fluid for joint lubrication
Correct answer: To connect, support, and separate muscles and soft tissue structures
Fascia is connective tissue that envelops and separates muscles, organs, and other structures, providing support, transmitting forces, and enabling sliding between layers.
CMP Kinesiology & Biomechanics 2
The rotator cuff is composed of which four muscles?