CMLA Urinalysis 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which urine color is most associated with concentrated urine due to dehydration?
- Pale yellow
- Dark amber (Correct answer)
- Red-brown
- Colorless
Correct answer: Dark amber
Dark amber urine indicates high concentration of urochrome pigment, typically seen with dehydration.
Question 2: A urine dipstick shows a positive nitrite result. What does this most likely indicate?
- Kidney stones
- Bacterial infection (Correct answer)
- Diabetes mellitus
- Liver disease
Correct answer: Bacterial infection
Positive nitrite on dipstick indicates bacteria (typically gram-negative) have converted urinary nitrates to nitrites.
Question 3: What is the normal specific gravity range for urine?
- 1.000–1.005
- 1.001–1.030 (Correct answer)
- 1.030–1.060
- 1.010–1.050
Correct answer: 1.001–1.030
Normal urine specific gravity ranges from 1.001 to 1.030, reflecting the kidney's concentrating and diluting ability.
Question 4: Which formed element in urine sediment is a cast composed entirely of red blood cells?
- Waxy cast
- Granular cast
- RBC cast (Correct answer)
- Hyaline cast
Correct answer: RBC cast
RBC casts form when red blood cells become trapped in the tubular lumen and indicate glomerulonephritis.
Question 5: A urine sample has a strong ammonia odor. What is the most likely cause?
- Diabetic ketoacidosis
- Bacterial decomposition (Correct answer)
- Phenylketonuria
- Maple syrup urine disease
Correct answer: Bacterial decomposition
Bacterial decomposition of urea produces ammonia, causing a strong ammonia odor in urine left at room temperature.
Question 6: Which microscopic structure found in urine sediment is oval fat bodies associated with?
- Urinary tract infection
- Nephrotic syndrome (Correct answer)
- Acute tubular necrosis
- Bladder cancer
Correct answer: Nephrotic syndrome
Oval fat bodies are lipid-laden renal tubular cells seen in nephrotic syndrome due to heavy proteinuria and lipiduria.
Question 7: What is the significance of finding Trichomonas vaginalis in a urine sample?
- It indicates a fungal infection
- It indicates a sexually transmitted parasitic infection (Correct answer)
- It is a normal finding in females
- It indicates a viral infection
Correct answer: It indicates a sexually transmitted parasitic infection
Trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellated protozoan that causes trichomoniasis, a sexually transmitted infection.
CMLA Urinalysis 2
Which urine color is most associated with concentrated urine due to dehydration?