CMLA Chemistry Basics 3 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which law states that the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume at constant temperature?
- Charles's Law
- Dalton's Law
- Boyle's Law (Correct answer)
- Avogadro's Law
Correct answer: Boyle's Law
Boyle's Law states that P × V = constant at a fixed temperature, meaning pressure and volume are inversely related.
Question 2: An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of proteins is classified as a:
- Lipase
- Amylase
- Protease (Correct answer)
- Nuclease
Correct answer: Protease
Proteases catalyze the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in proteins, breaking them into smaller peptides or amino acids.
Question 3: Which functional group is characteristic of an alcohol?
- –COOH
- –NH2
- –OH (Correct answer)
- –CHO
Correct answer: –OH
Alcohols are organic compounds characterized by the presence of a hydroxyl (–OH) group attached to a carbon atom.
Question 4: In clinical chemistry, the term 'specificity' of a test refers to its ability to:
- Detect very small amounts of an analyte
- Correctly identify true negatives (Correct answer)
- Reproduce consistent results
- Measure a wide range of concentrations
Correct answer: Correctly identify true negatives
Specificity is the ability of a test to correctly identify individuals who do not have the condition, i.e., true negatives.
Question 5: What is the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation primarily used for in the laboratory?
- Calculating enzyme velocity
- Determining the pH of a buffer solution (Correct answer)
- Measuring osmolarity
- Calculating molar mass
Correct answer: Determining the pH of a buffer solution
The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation (pH = pKa + log([A⁻]/[HA])) relates the pH of a buffer to the ratio of its conjugate base to weak acid.
Question 6: Which of the following organic molecules serves as the primary energy currency of the cell?
- NADH
- ATP (Correct answer)
- Glucose
- Fatty acid
Correct answer: ATP
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the primary energy currency used by cells to drive metabolic reactions.
Question 7: A reagent labeled '0.9% NaCl' is an example of which type of concentration expression?
- Molarity (M)
- Normality (N)
- Weight/volume percent (w/v%) (Correct answer)
- Parts per million (ppm)
Correct answer: Weight/volume percent (w/v%)
Weight/volume percent (w/v%) expresses grams of solute per 100 mL of solution; 0.9% NaCl means 0.9 g NaCl per 100 mL.
CMLA Chemistry Basics 3
Which law states that the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume at constant temperature?