Urinalysis Flashcards
7 cards from real CMLA practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Urinalysis flashcards as text
Which urine color is most associated with concentrated urine due to dehydration?
Answer: Dark amber
Dark amber urine indicates high concentration of urochrome pigment, typically seen with dehydration.
A urine dipstick shows a positive nitrite result. What does this most likely indicate?
Answer: Bacterial infection
Positive nitrite on dipstick indicates bacteria (typically gram-negative) have converted urinary nitrates to nitrites.
What is the normal specific gravity range for urine?
Answer: 1.001–1.030
Normal urine specific gravity ranges from 1.001 to 1.030, reflecting the kidney's concentrating and diluting ability.
Which formed element in urine sediment is a cast composed entirely of red blood cells?
Answer: RBC cast
RBC casts form when red blood cells become trapped in the tubular lumen and indicate glomerulonephritis.
A urine sample has a strong ammonia odor. What is the most likely cause?
Answer: Bacterial decomposition
Bacterial decomposition of urea produces ammonia, causing a strong ammonia odor in urine left at room temperature.
Which microscopic structure found in urine sediment is oval fat bodies associated with?
Answer: Nephrotic syndrome
Oval fat bodies are lipid-laden renal tubular cells seen in nephrotic syndrome due to heavy proteinuria and lipiduria.
What is the significance of finding Trichomonas vaginalis in a urine sample?
Answer: It indicates a sexually transmitted parasitic infection
Trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellated protozoan that causes trichomoniasis, a sexually transmitted infection.