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Chemistry Basics Flashcards

7 cards from real CMLA practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. Which law states that the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume at constant temperature?

    Answer: Boyle's Law

    Boyle's Law states that P × V = constant at a fixed temperature, meaning pressure and volume are inversely related.

  2. An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of proteins is classified as a:

    Answer: Protease

    Proteases catalyze the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in proteins, breaking them into smaller peptides or amino acids.

  3. Which functional group is characteristic of an alcohol?

    Answer: –OH

    Alcohols are organic compounds characterized by the presence of a hydroxyl (–OH) group attached to a carbon atom.

  4. In clinical chemistry, the term 'specificity' of a test refers to its ability to:

    Answer: Correctly identify true negatives

    Specificity is the ability of a test to correctly identify individuals who do not have the condition, i.e., true negatives.

  5. What is the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation primarily used for in the laboratory?

    Answer: Determining the pH of a buffer solution

    The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation (pH = pKa + log([A⁻]/[HA])) relates the pH of a buffer to the ratio of its conjugate base to weak acid.

  6. Which of the following organic molecules serves as the primary energy currency of the cell?

    Answer: ATP

    ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the primary energy currency used by cells to drive metabolic reactions.

  7. A reagent labeled '0.9% NaCl' is an example of which type of concentration expression?

    Answer: Weight/volume percent (w/v%)

    Weight/volume percent (w/v%) expresses grams of solute per 100 mL of solution; 0.9% NaCl means 0.9 g NaCl per 100 mL.