CMI Biomedical Science & Human Anatomy 3 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which cell organelle is responsible for packaging and modifying proteins for secretion?
- Rough endoplasmic reticulum
- Golgi apparatus (Correct answer)
- Lysosome
- Peroxisome
Correct answer: Golgi apparatus
The Golgi apparatus receives proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum, modifies them (e.g., glycosylation), and packages them into vesicles for secretion or intracellular delivery.
Question 2: The brachial plexus arises from which spinal cord segments?
- C1–C4
- C5–T1 (Correct answer)
- T1–T6
- C3–C5
Correct answer: C5–T1
The brachial plexus originates from the ventral rami of spinal nerves C5 through T1, providing motor and sensory innervation to the upper extremity.
Question 3: Which plane divides the body into equal left and right halves?
- Coronal plane
- Transverse plane
- Midsagittal plane (Correct answer)
- Oblique plane
Correct answer: Midsagittal plane
The midsagittal (median) plane passes through the midline of the body, dividing it into equal left and right halves.
Question 4: In cellular respiration, where does the Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle) occur?
- Cytoplasm
- Outer mitochondrial membrane
- Mitochondrial matrix (Correct answer)
- Nucleus
Correct answer: Mitochondrial matrix
The Krebs cycle takes place in the mitochondrial matrix, where acetyl-CoA is oxidized to generate NADH, FADH2, and CO2.
Question 5: Which ligament connects the femur to the tibia on the medial aspect of the knee?
- Anterior cruciate ligament
- Lateral collateral ligament
- Medial collateral ligament (Correct answer)
- Patellar ligament
Correct answer: Medial collateral ligament
The medial collateral ligament (MCL) runs along the medial side of the knee joint, stabilizing it against valgus stress.
Question 6: Which type of epithelium lines the inner surface of blood vessels?
- Stratified squamous epithelium
- Simple cuboidal epithelium
- Transitional epithelium
- Simple squamous epithelium (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Simple squamous epithelium
Blood vessel lumens are lined by a single layer of simple squamous epithelium called the endothelium, which minimizes friction and regulates vessel permeability.
Question 7: Which hormone is released by the posterior pituitary in response to increased blood osmolarity?
- Oxytocin
- Growth hormone
- Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (Correct answer)
- Prolactin
Correct answer: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH/vasopressin) is released from the posterior pituitary when blood osmolarity rises, promoting water reabsorption in the collecting ducts of the kidney.
CMI Biomedical Science & Human Anatomy 3
Which cell organelle is responsible for packaging and modifying proteins for secretion?