CME Anatomy & Physiology Fundamentals 3 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: The infundibulum of the hair follicle extends from the skin surface to the opening of which gland?
- Eccrine sweat gland
- Apocrine sweat gland
- Sebaceous gland (Correct answer)
- Merocrine gland
Correct answer: Sebaceous gland
The infundibulum is the uppermost segment of the hair follicle, extending from the skin surface down to the opening of the sebaceous gland.
Question 2: Which skin cell type produces the pigment responsible for hair and skin color?
- Keratinocytes
- Melanocytes (Correct answer)
- Langerhans cells
- Merkel cells
Correct answer: Melanocytes
Melanocytes are specialized cells in the stratum basale that synthesize melanin and transfer it to surrounding keratinocytes.
Question 3: What is the name of the region of the hair follicle between the sebaceous gland duct and the arrector pili muscle insertion point?
- Bulge region
- Isthmus (Correct answer)
- Suprabulbar region
- Papilla
Correct answer: Isthmus
The isthmus is the middle segment of the hair follicle located between the sebaceous gland opening and the arrector pili muscle attachment.
Question 4: Which epidermal layer is the site of continuous cell division (mitosis) that replenishes upper skin layers?
- Stratum spinosum
- Stratum granulosum
- Stratum basale (Correct answer)
- Stratum lucidum
Correct answer: Stratum basale
The stratum basale (basal layer) contains stem cells and is the only epidermal layer where keratinocytes actively divide by mitosis.
Question 5: Vellus hair differs from terminal hair primarily in that it is:
- Darker and coarser
- Shorter, finer, and lacks a medulla (Correct answer)
- Found only on the scalp
- Hormonally insensitive
Correct answer: Shorter, finer, and lacks a medulla
Vellus hair is short, fine, lightly pigmented, and typically lacks a medulla, while terminal hair is longer, coarser, and fully pigmented.
Question 6: The sebaceous gland secretes sebum by which method of secretion?
- Merocrine secretion
- Apocrine secretion
- Holocrine secretion (Correct answer)
- Eccrine secretion
Correct answer: Holocrine secretion
Sebaceous glands use holocrine secretion, where entire cells disintegrate and release their lipid contents as sebum into the follicular canal.
Question 7: Which anatomical landmark on the wrist is commonly used to locate the pulse of the radial artery?
- Medial epicondyle
- Styloid process of radius (Correct answer)
- Olecranon process
- Cubital fossa
Correct answer: Styloid process of radius
The radial pulse is palpated at the styloid process of the radius on the lateral (thumb) side of the wrist.
CME Anatomy & Physiology Fundamentals 3
The infundibulum of the hair follicle extends from the skin surface to the opening of which gland?