CME Anatomy & Physiology Fundamentals 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which layer of the skin contains the arrector pili muscle that attaches to the hair follicle?
- Epidermis
- Dermis (Correct answer)
- Hypodermis
- Stratum corneum
Correct answer: Dermis
The arrector pili muscle is located in the dermis and connects the hair follicle to the dermal tissue, causing goosebumps when contracted.
Question 2: What is the term for the small pocket or sac at the base of the hair follicle that contains the dermal papilla?
- Sebaceous gland
- Hair bulb (Correct answer)
- Isthmus
- Infundibulum
Correct answer: Hair bulb
The hair bulb is the expanded base of the hair follicle that surrounds the dermal papilla, which supplies nutrients to the growing hair.
Question 3: During which phase of the hair growth cycle does the follicle actively produce new hair shaft cells?
- Telogen
- Catagen
- Anagen (Correct answer)
- Exogen
Correct answer: Anagen
The anagen phase is the active growth phase during which matrix cells in the hair bulb divide rapidly to produce the hair shaft.
Question 4: Which type of sweat gland is primarily responsible for thermoregulation and is found all over the body?
- Apocrine gland
- Eccrine gland (Correct answer)
- Sebaceous gland
- Ceruminous gland
Correct answer: Eccrine gland
Eccrine sweat glands are distributed widely across the body surface and secrete a watery sweat that evaporates to cool the body.
Question 5: The stratum granulosum is characterized by the presence of which protein-filled granules?
- Melanin granules
- Keratohyalin granules (Correct answer)
- Lipid droplets
- Lamellar granules only
Correct answer: Keratohyalin granules
Keratohyalin granules in the stratum granulosum contain profilaggrin, which is processed into filaggrin to bundle keratin filaments.
Question 6: What percentage of the scalp hair follicles are typically in the telogen (resting) phase at any given time in a healthy adult?
- 1–5%
- 10–15% (Correct answer)
- 25–30%
- 40–50%
Correct answer: 10–15%
In healthy adults, approximately 10–15% of scalp hair follicles are in the telogen phase at any given time.
Question 7: Which nerve fiber type is responsible for transmitting sharp, immediate pain sensations relevant to electrolysis treatment?
- C fibers
- Aδ (A-delta) fibers (Correct answer)
- Aβ fibers
- Aα fibers
Correct answer: Aδ (A-delta) fibers
Aδ fibers are myelinated and transmit fast, sharp pain signals, which are the first sensation felt during electrolysis needle insertion.
CME Anatomy & Physiology Fundamentals 2
Which layer of the skin contains the arrector pili muscle that attaches to the hair follicle?