Anatomy & Physiology Fundamentals Flashcards
7 cards from real CME practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Anatomy & Physiology Fundamentals flashcards as text
The hypodermis (subcutaneous layer) is primarily composed of which tissue type?
Answer: Adipose and loose connective tissue
The hypodermis consists mainly of adipose tissue and loose connective tissue that insulate the body and anchor the skin to underlying structures.
Which blood vessel type supplies nutrients directly to the dermal papillae of the skin?
Answer: Capillaries
Capillary loops within dermal papillae are the vessels that directly exchange oxygen and nutrients with overlying epidermal cells by diffusion.
What is the primary role of filaggrin protein in the stratum corneum?
Answer: Aggregate keratin filaments and contribute to skin barrier function
Filaggrin (filament-aggregating protein) bundles keratin intermediate filaments and its breakdown products form natural moisturizing factors in the stratum corneum.
In facial anatomy, which muscle is responsible for compressing the cheeks and is important to understand when performing electrolysis near the mouth?
Answer: Buccinator
The buccinator is the cheek muscle that compresses the cheeks against the teeth, and electrolysis practitioners must avoid deep needle insertion in this area.
Which phase of the hair growth cycle is the BEST time to perform electrolysis for maximum effectiveness?
Answer: Anagen
Electrolysis is most effective during the anagen phase because the hair shaft is fully connected to the active dermal papilla, allowing current to reach and destroy the germinal cells.
Which type of sensory receptor in the dermis responds to sustained pressure and vibration and is relevant to client comfort assessment?
Answer: Pacinian corpuscles
Pacinian corpuscles are large encapsulated receptors located deep in the dermis that detect sustained pressure and high-frequency vibration.
The matrix cells of the hair bulb that produce the hair shaft are located adjacent to which structure?
Answer: Dermal papilla
Hair matrix cells are highly mitotic cells that surround the dermal papilla at the base of the hair bulb and differentiate to form the hair shaft and inner root sheath.