Anatomy & Physiology Fundamentals Flashcards

The infundibulum of the hair follicle extends from the skin surface to the opening of which gland?

Answer: Sebaceous gland

The infundibulum is the uppermost segment of the hair follicle, extending from the skin surface down to the opening of the sebaceous gland.

Which skin cell type produces the pigment responsible for hair and skin color?

Answer: Melanocytes

Melanocytes are specialized cells in the stratum basale that synthesize melanin and transfer it to surrounding keratinocytes.

What is the name of the region of the hair follicle between the sebaceous gland duct and the arrector pili muscle insertion point?

Answer: Isthmus

The isthmus is the middle segment of the hair follicle located between the sebaceous gland opening and the arrector pili muscle attachment.

Which epidermal layer is the site of continuous cell division (mitosis) that replenishes upper skin layers?

Answer: Stratum basale

The stratum basale (basal layer) contains stem cells and is the only epidermal layer where keratinocytes actively divide by mitosis.

Vellus hair differs from terminal hair primarily in that it is:

Answer: Shorter, finer, and lacks a medulla

Vellus hair is short, fine, lightly pigmented, and typically lacks a medulla, while terminal hair is longer, coarser, and fully pigmented.

The sebaceous gland secretes sebum by which method of secretion?

Answer: Holocrine secretion

Sebaceous glands use holocrine secretion, where entire cells disintegrate and release their lipid contents as sebum into the follicular canal.

Which anatomical landmark on the wrist is commonly used to locate the pulse of the radial artery?

Answer: Styloid process of radius

The radial pulse is palpated at the styloid process of the radius on the lateral (thumb) side of the wrist.