Anatomy & Physiology Fundamentals Flashcards

Which layer of the skin contains the arrector pili muscle that attaches to the hair follicle?

Answer: Dermis

The arrector pili muscle is located in the dermis and connects the hair follicle to the dermal tissue, causing goosebumps when contracted.

What is the term for the small pocket or sac at the base of the hair follicle that contains the dermal papilla?

Answer: Hair bulb

The hair bulb is the expanded base of the hair follicle that surrounds the dermal papilla, which supplies nutrients to the growing hair.

During which phase of the hair growth cycle does the follicle actively produce new hair shaft cells?

Answer: Anagen

The anagen phase is the active growth phase during which matrix cells in the hair bulb divide rapidly to produce the hair shaft.

Which type of sweat gland is primarily responsible for thermoregulation and is found all over the body?

Answer: Eccrine gland

Eccrine sweat glands are distributed widely across the body surface and secrete a watery sweat that evaporates to cool the body.

The stratum granulosum is characterized by the presence of which protein-filled granules?

Answer: Keratohyalin granules

Keratohyalin granules in the stratum granulosum contain profilaggrin, which is processed into filaggrin to bundle keratin filaments.

What percentage of the scalp hair follicles are typically in the telogen (resting) phase at any given time in a healthy adult?

Answer: 10–15%

In healthy adults, approximately 10–15% of scalp hair follicles are in the telogen phase at any given time.

Which nerve fiber type is responsible for transmitting sharp, immediate pain sensations relevant to electrolysis treatment?

Answer: Aδ (A-delta) fibers

Aδ fibers are myelinated and transmit fast, sharp pain signals, which are the first sensation felt during electrolysis needle insertion.