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Certification Cardio Vascular Flashcards

7 cards from real CMC practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. A patient with ST-elevation in leads II, III, and aVF most likely has occlusion of which coronary artery?

    Answer: Right coronary artery

    Inferior ST-elevation (II, III, aVF) is classically caused by right coronary artery (RCA) occlusion, which supplies the inferior wall in most patients.

  2. Which hemodynamic parameter is most elevated in cardiogenic shock compared to distributive shock?

    Answer: Pulmonary artery wedge pressure

    Cardiogenic shock is characterized by elevated pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP) reflecting left heart failure, whereas distributive shock has low SVR.

  3. What is the target INR range for a patient with a mechanical mitral valve replacement?

    Answer: 2.5–3.5

    Mechanical mitral valves carry higher thromboembolic risk and require a therapeutic INR of 2.5–3.5 per ACC/AHA guidelines.

  4. During treadmill stress testing, which finding is considered a high-risk marker requiring urgent intervention?

    Answer: ST depression ≥2 mm at low workload with hypotension

    ST depression ≥2 mm at low workload accompanied by hypotension indicates severe ischemia and high-risk disease requiring urgent catheterization.

  5. A 68-year-old presents with exertional dyspnea and a harsh systolic ejection murmur at the right upper sternal border radiating to the carotids. Which finding on echocardiography confirms severe aortic stenosis?

    Answer: Peak velocity >4 m/s

    A peak aortic jet velocity >4 m/s corresponds to a severe pressure gradient and is a primary criterion for severe aortic stenosis by echocardiography.

  6. Which medication class is the cornerstone of long-term therapy to reduce mortality after acute MI in patients with reduced LVEF?

    Answer: Beta-blockers

    Beta-blockers have robust evidence reducing mortality, sudden cardiac death, and re-infarction in post-MI patients with reduced ejection fraction.

  7. Which finding on right heart catheterization is diagnostic of constrictive pericarditis versus restrictive cardiomyopathy?

    Answer: Ventricular interdependence with discordant RV/LV pressure variation

    Ventricular interdependence with discordant RV and LV pressure changes during respiration is the hemodynamic hallmark that distinguishes constrictive pericarditis from restrictive cardiomyopathy.