CMC CMC Cardiac Pharmacology & Medications 2

Question 1

Loop diuretics like furosemide reduce fluid overload by inhibiting which transporter in the kidney?

Accepted Answer

Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter in the loop of Henle

Answer

Furosemide blocks the Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle, promoting diuresis.

Question 2

Amiodarone is classified as which type of antiarrhythmic drug based on the Vaughan-Williams classification?

Accepted Answer

Class III

Answer

Amiodarone is a Class III antiarrhythmic that primarily blocks potassium channels, prolonging the cardiac action potential.

Question 3

Which antiarrhythmic drug can cause thyroid dysfunction as a significant long-term side effect?

Accepted Answer

Amiodarone

Answer

Amiodarone contains approximately 37% iodine by weight and can cause both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism.

Question 4

Spironolactone, an aldosterone antagonist, is most beneficial in which cardiac condition?

Accepted Answer

Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction

Answer

Spironolactone reduces mortality in HFrEF by blocking aldosterone-mediated cardiac fibrosis and sodium retention.

Question 5

Aspirin reduces platelet aggregation and cardiovascular events through which mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Irreversible COX-1 inhibition reducing thromboxane A2

Answer

Aspirin irreversibly acetylates COX-1, permanently preventing thromboxane A2 synthesis for the platelet's lifetime.

CMC - Cardiac Medicine Certification Practice Test