CMA Anatomy and Physiology 5 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: What is the term for the movement of a body part away from the midline of the body?
- Adduction
- Abduction (Correct answer)
- Flexion
- Circumduction
Correct answer: Abduction
Abduction is the movement of a limb or part away from the body's midline, such as raising the arm laterally.
Question 2: The liver produces which substance critical for fat digestion that is stored in the gallbladder?
- Pepsin
- Amylase
- Bile (Correct answer)
- Lipase
Correct answer: Bile
Bile is produced by hepatocytes in the liver, stored in the gallbladder, and released into the duodenum to emulsify dietary fats.
Question 3: Which blood cells are primarily responsible for immune defense against bacterial infections?
- Erythrocytes
- Thrombocytes
- Neutrophils (Correct answer)
- Basophils
Correct answer: Neutrophils
Neutrophils are the most abundant white blood cells and serve as first responders, phagocytizing bacteria at infection sites.
Question 4: The process by which cells engulf and destroy large particles such as bacteria is called:
- Pinocytosis
- Osmosis
- Phagocytosis (Correct answer)
- Endocytosis
Correct answer: Phagocytosis
Phagocytosis is the cellular process where phagocytes (e.g., neutrophils, macrophages) engulf and digest pathogens or debris.
Question 5: Which organ is responsible for detoxifying ammonia by converting it to urea?
- Kidney
- Spleen
- Liver (Correct answer)
- Pancreas
Correct answer: Liver
The liver converts toxic ammonia (a byproduct of protein metabolism) into urea via the urea cycle, which is then excreted by the kidneys.
Question 6: The innermost layer of the uterus, which is shed during menstruation, is called the:
- Myometrium
- Perimetrium
- Endometrium (Correct answer)
- Cervix
Correct answer: Endometrium
The endometrium is the inner mucous membrane of the uterus that proliferates each cycle and is shed if fertilization does not occur.
Question 7: Which anatomical term describes a position closer to the point of origin or attachment of a limb?
- Distal
- Lateral
- Proximal (Correct answer)
- Inferior
Correct answer: Proximal
Proximal describes a location closer to the point of attachment to the trunk; for example, the elbow is proximal to the wrist.
CMA Anatomy and Physiology 5
What is the term for the movement of a body part away from the midline of the body?