CMA CMA Anatomy & Physiology 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which part of the brain controls breathing and heart rate?
- Cerebrum
- Cerebellum
- Medulla oblongata (Correct answer)
- Hypothalamus
Correct answer: Medulla oblongata
The medulla oblongata, in the brainstem, regulates vital autonomic functions including breathing and heart rate.
Question 2: Red blood cells are produced in which structure?
- Spleen
- Liver
- Red bone marrow (Correct answer)
- Lymph nodes
Correct answer: Red bone marrow
Red blood cells (erythrocytes) are produced through erythropoiesis in the red bone marrow.
Question 3: Which hormone is released by the adrenal glands during a stress response?
- Insulin
- Estrogen
- Epinephrine (adrenaline) (Correct answer)
- Thyroxine
Correct answer: Epinephrine (adrenaline)
The adrenal medulla releases epinephrine (adrenaline) as part of the fight-or-flight stress response.
Question 4: The anatomical term 'lateral' refers to which direction?
- Toward the midline of the body
- Away from the midline of the body (Correct answer)
- Toward the front of the body
- Toward the back of the body
Correct answer: Away from the midline of the body
Lateral means away from the midline of the body, while medial means toward the midline.
Question 5: Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?
- Pulmonary artery
- Pulmonary vein (Correct answer)
- Aorta
- Superior vena cava
Correct answer: Pulmonary vein
The pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the left atrium of the heart.
Question 6: The small intestine is primarily responsible for which function?
- Storing bile
- Absorbing nutrients (Correct answer)
- Producing digestive enzymes only
- Eliminating solid waste
Correct answer: Absorbing nutrients
The small intestine is the primary site of nutrient absorption into the bloodstream after digestion.
CMA CMA Anatomy & Physiology 2
Which part of the brain controls breathing and heart rate?