CLT Pathophysiology of Lymphedema 2

Question 1

Primary lymphedema that is present at birth or develops within the first two years of life is classified as:

Accepted Answer

Congenital lymphedema (Milroy disease)

Answer

Lymphedema praecox

Answer

Lymphedema tarda

Answer

Familial lymphedema

Question 2

Lymphedema praecox, the most common form of primary lymphedema, typically presents at what age range?

Accepted Answer

Puberty to age 35

Answer

Birth to 2 years

Answer

2 to 10 years

Answer

After age 35

Question 3

Which genetic mutation is most commonly associated with Milroy disease (congenital primary lymphedema)?

Accepted Answer

FLT4 gene mutation encoding VEGFR-3

Answer

FOXC2 gene mutation

Answer

GJC2 gene mutation

Answer

PROX1 gene mutation

Question 4

How does the lymphatic transport capacity relate to lymphatic load in the development of lymphedema?

Accepted Answer

Lymphedema occurs when lymphatic load exceeds transport capacity

Answer

Lymphedema occurs when transport capacity exceeds lymphatic load

Answer

Lymphatic load and transport capacity are unrelated to edema formation

Answer

Lymphedema only develops when both load and capacity are simultaneously reduced

Question 5

How does lipedema differ pathophysiologically from lymphedema?

Accepted Answer

Lipedema involves abnormal fat deposition symmetrically in extremities and is not caused by lymphatic failure

Answer

Lipedema is caused by lymphatic obstruction while lymphedema is caused by fat accumulation

Answer

Lipedema and lymphedema have identical pathophysiology but different clinical distributions

Answer

Lipedema primarily affects the upper extremities while lymphedema primarily affects the lower

Question 6

What role do macrophages play in the chronic pathophysiology of lymphedema?

Accepted Answer

They contribute to fibrosis by releasing TGF-β and stimulating fibroblast activity

Answer

They reduce fibrosis by clearing excess protein from the interstitium

Answer

They primarily function to increase lymphatic vessel regeneration

Answer

They have no significant role in lymphedema tissue changes

Question 7

Which malignancy is associated with chronic lymphedema, particularly post-mastectomy lymphedema?

Accepted Answer

Angiosarcoma (Stewart-Treves syndrome)

Answer

Kaposi's sarcoma

Answer

Liposarcoma

Answer

Fibrosarcoma