CLT Logic and Ethics 3

Question 1

Which ethical theory holds that the morality of an action is determined solely by its outcomes or consequences?

Accepted Answer

Consequentialism

Answer

Consequentialism evaluates actions entirely by their results, most notably in the utilitarian form championed by Bentham and Mill.

Question 2

Immanuel Kant's categorical imperative primarily directs a person to:

Accepted Answer

Act only on principles one could will to become universal laws

Answer

Kant's first formulation demands that the maxim of any action be universalizable without contradiction.

Question 3

According to Aristotle, eudaimonia—the highest human good—is best translated as:

Accepted Answer

Flourishing or well-being

Answer

Eudaimonia refers to a life of flourishing achieved through the full exercise of distinctively human capacities and virtues.

Question 4

John Stuart Mill's version of utilitarianism is distinctive because it distinguishes between:

Accepted Answer

Higher and lower pleasures based on quality

Answer

Mill argued that intellectual and moral pleasures are qualitatively superior to mere bodily pleasures, refining Bentham's calculus.

Question 5

Thomas Aquinas's natural law theory holds that moral norms are primarily derived from:

Accepted Answer

Human reason reflecting on human nature as created by God

Answer

Aquinas taught that reason discerns natural law written into human nature by the divine legislator.

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