CLT Historical Knowledge 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Who commanded the Athenian forces at the Battle of Marathon in 490 BC?
- Themistocles
- Miltiades (Correct answer)
- Pericles
- Leonidas
Correct answer: Miltiades
Miltiades led the Athenian army to a decisive victory over the Persian invaders at Marathon.
Question 2: The three Punic Wars (264–146 BC) were fought between Rome and which rival power?
- Greece
- Carthage (Correct answer)
- Macedonia
- Egypt
Correct answer: Carthage
The Punic Wars pitted Rome against the North African city-state of Carthage for dominance of the western Mediterranean.
Question 3: Which philosopher authored 'The Republic,' outlining an ideal city governed by philosopher-kings?
- Aristotle
- Socrates
- Plato (Correct answer)
- Thucydides
Correct answer: Plato
Plato's 'The Republic' presents a vision of justice and ideal governance centered on rulers trained in philosophy.
Question 4: The Edict of Milan (313 AD), which granted religious tolerance to Christians, was issued by which Roman emperor?
- Nero
- Augustus
- Constantine (Correct answer)
- Diocletian
Correct answer: Constantine
Emperor Constantine (with co-emperor Licinius) issued the Edict of Milan, extending toleration to all religions including Christianity.
Question 5: Cleisthenes is credited with reforming Athenian government around 508 BC by reorganizing citizens into ten new tribes based on:
- Family lineage and ancestry
- Wealth and property
- Military rank and service
- Geography and local deme (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Geography and local deme
Cleisthenes replaced the old aristocratic tribe system with ten geographically based tribes, weakening the power of noble clans and laying the foundation for Athenian democracy.
Question 6: Which Greek historian wrote 'The History of the Peloponnesian War,' chronicling the conflict between Athens and Sparta?
- Herodotus
- Thucydides (Correct answer)
- Xenophon
- Polybius
Correct answer: Thucydides
Thucydides produced a rigorous, eyewitness account of the Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC), emphasizing political and military causes.
Question 7: Rome's Twelve Tables (c. 450 BC) were historically significant primarily because they:
- Were the first Roman laws publicly displayed in written form (Correct answer)
- Declared war on Carthage for the first time
- Established guidelines for Roman religious practice
- Defined the powers of the Roman Senate
Correct answer: Were the first Roman laws publicly displayed in written form
The Twelve Tables were Rome's first written law code, publicly posted so all citizens could know their legal rights.
CLT Historical Knowledge 2
Who commanded the Athenian forces at the Battle of Marathon in 490 BC?