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Food Sensitivities & Immunology Basics Flashcards

7 cards from real CLT practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 7 Food Sensitivities & Immunology Basics flashcards as text

  1. Which immune cell is the primary effector in IgE-mediated food allergy reactions and releases histamine upon antigen binding?

    Answer: Mast cell

    Mast cells bound with IgE antibodies degranulate and release histamine and other mediators when cross-linked by food allergens.

  2. In the LEAP protocol, the MRT blood test measures the change in which cellular parameter to identify reactive foods?

    Answer: White blood cell and platelet volume after incubation

    MRT quantifies the shift in white blood cell and platelet volume when blood is incubated with food antigens, reflecting mediator release.

  3. Which class of hypersensitivity reaction is NOT mediated by antibodies and instead relies on sensitized T lymphocytes?

    Answer: Type IV (delayed)

    Type IV hypersensitivity is cell-mediated, involving T lymphocytes rather than antibodies, and reactions appear 24–72 hours after exposure.

  4. Secretory IgA (sIgA) in the gut serves as the first line of adaptive immune defense primarily by:

    Answer: Neutralizing antigens in the gut lumen before mucosal penetration

    Secretory IgA coats food antigens and pathogens in the intestinal lumen, preventing them from binding to and crossing the mucosal epithelium.

  5. A patient with increased intestinal permeability ('leaky gut') is at greater risk for food sensitivities because:

    Answer: Undigested food peptides cross the epithelium and trigger immune responses

    Tight junction dysfunction allows large, undigested food peptides to enter the lamina propria, where they are recognized as foreign antigens and drive immune sensitization.

  6. Which cytokine is primarily responsible for driving the Th2 immune response that underlies IgE sensitization to food allergens?

    Answer: IL-4

    IL-4 promotes B cell class switching to IgE production and Th2 differentiation, which is central to atopic food allergy development.

  7. Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is distinguished from classic IgE-mediated food allergy in that it is primarily driven by:

    Answer: Th2-mediated eosinophil infiltration independent of specific IgE

    EoE is a Th2 inflammatory disorder with eosinophil accumulation in the esophagus; it often involves food triggers but is not strictly IgE-mediated.