Clinical Nutritionist CCN Gastrointestinal Health and Nutrition 2

Question 1

Which enzyme initiates carbohydrate digestion in the oral cavity?

Accepted Answer

Salivary amylase

Answer

Pepsin

Answer

Pancreatic lipase

Answer

Sucrase

Question 2

Achlorhydria (absent stomach acid) most significantly impairs absorption of which nutrients?

Accepted Answer

Iron and vitamin B12

Answer

Fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, K

Answer

Calcium and phosphorus

Answer

Water-soluble vitamins C and folate

Question 3

The migrating motor complex (MMC) serves primarily as the intestinal 'housekeeper' by:

Accepted Answer

Sweeping bacteria and undigested debris through the gut between meals

Answer

Mixing chyme with digestive enzymes during meals

Answer

Absorbing electrolytes from digested food

Answer

Regulating bile release from the gallbladder

Question 4

The low-FODMAP diet is considered the most evidence-based dietary intervention for managing:

Accepted Answer

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Answer

Celiac disease

Answer

Crohn's disease

Answer

Gastroparesis

Question 5

Secretory IgA (sIgA) in the gut primarily functions to:

Accepted Answer

Neutralize pathogens and prevent their adherence to intestinal mucosa

Answer

Trigger inflammatory cytokine cascades

Answer

Activate the complement system against bacteria

Answer

Directly lyse bacterial cell walls

Question 6

Vitamin D deficiency is most prevalent among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) because of:

Accepted Answer

Combination of malabsorption, reduced sun exposure, and chronic inflammation

Answer

Reduced dietary intake of fortified foods only

Answer

Increased renal excretion caused by corticosteroid use

Answer

Competitive inhibition by calcium supplementation

Question 7

Butyrate exerts its primary anti-inflammatory effect in colonocytes by:

Accepted Answer

Inhibiting histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes

Answer

Stimulating NF-kB signaling pathways

Answer

Activating pro-inflammatory cytokine release

Answer

Reducing intestinal blood flow