CLEP Biology Vertebrate Organ Systems 5 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: What is the primary pigment in red blood cells that carries oxygen?
- Myoglobin
- Hemoglobin (Correct answer)
- Bilirubin
- Cytochrome
Correct answer: Hemoglobin
Hemoglobin is the iron-containing protein in red blood cells that binds and transports oxygen from the lungs to tissues.
Question 2: Which gland is known as the 'master gland' of the endocrine system?
- Adrenal gland
- Thyroid gland
- Pituitary gland (Correct answer)
- Pineal gland
Correct answer: Pituitary gland
The pituitary gland is called the master gland because it secretes hormones that regulate many other endocrine glands.
Question 3: What type of circulation carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation?
- Systemic circulation
- Portal circulation
- Pulmonary circulation (Correct answer)
- Coronary circulation
Correct answer: Pulmonary circulation
Pulmonary circulation carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs, where gas exchange occurs.
Question 4: Which immune cell is primarily responsible for destroying virus-infected cells?
- B lymphocytes
- Neutrophils
- Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD8+) (Correct answer)
- Mast cells
Correct answer: Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD8+)
Cytotoxic T cells (CD8+) recognize and kill cells displaying foreign antigens, such as virus-infected cells.
Question 5: Which connective tissue connects bone to bone at a joint?
- Tendon
- Cartilage
- Ligament (Correct answer)
- Fascia
Correct answer: Ligament
Ligaments are fibrous connective tissues that connect bones to other bones, stabilizing joints.
Question 6: In the vertebrate ear, what structure converts sound vibrations into nerve impulses?
- Tympanic membrane
- Semicircular canals
- Cochlea (Correct answer)
- Eustachian tube
Correct answer: Cochlea
The cochlea contains hair cells that transduce mechanical sound vibrations into electrical signals sent via the auditory nerve.
Question 7: What is the main function of the large intestine in the digestive system?
- Protein digestion
- Fat absorption
- Water absorption and formation of feces (Correct answer)
- Vitamin production only
Correct answer: Water absorption and formation of feces
The large intestine absorbs water and electrolytes from indigestible material, compacting waste into feces for elimination.
CLEP Biology Vertebrate Organ Systems 5
What is the primary pigment in red blood cells that carries oxygen?