Biology Vertebrate Organ Systems Flashcards
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Read the first 7 Biology Vertebrate Organ Systems flashcards as text
What happens to blood pressure when the kidneys release renin?
Answer: Blood pressure increases through the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
Renin triggers the RAAS cascade, ultimately producing angiotensin II which causes vasoconstriction and aldosterone release, raising blood pressure.
Which vertebrate organ is responsible for producing bile?
Answer: Liver
The liver produces bile, which is stored in the gallbladder and released into the small intestine to emulsify fats.
What is the function of the corpus luteum after ovulation?
Answer: Secreting progesterone to maintain the uterine lining
After ovulation, the ruptured follicle becomes the corpus luteum, which secretes progesterone to prepare the uterus for implantation.
In the vertebrate respiratory system, what is the function of surfactant?
Answer: Reducing surface tension in alveoli to prevent collapse
Surfactant, produced by type II alveolar cells, reduces surface tension within alveoli, preventing them from collapsing during exhalation.
Which division of the autonomic nervous system slows heart rate and stimulates digestion?
Answer: Parasympathetic division
The parasympathetic division promotes rest-and-digest responses, including slowing the heart and stimulating GI activity.
What is the role of osteoclasts in bone tissue?
Answer: Breaking down and resorbing bone tissue
Osteoclasts are large multinucleated cells that resorb bone by secreting acids and enzymes to break down bone matrix.
Which part of the nephron is primarily responsible for the concentration of urine?
Answer: Loop of Henle
The loop of Henle creates an osmotic gradient in the kidney medulla that allows the collecting duct to concentrate urine.