Biology Molecular & Cellular Biology Flashcards
7 cards from real CLEP practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Biology Molecular & Cellular Biology flashcards as text
Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing RNA from a DNA template during transcription?
Answer: RNA polymerase
RNA polymerase reads the DNA template strand and synthesizes a complementary RNA strand during transcription.
What is the role of tRNA during translation?
Answer: Delivers amino acids to the ribosome matching codons
tRNA molecules carry specific amino acids and deliver them to the ribosome by anticodon-codon base pairing.
Which of the following best describes a competitive inhibitor of an enzyme?
Answer: It binds to the active site and competes with the substrate
Competitive inhibitors bind reversibly to the active site, directly competing with the substrate for binding.
In the fluid mosaic model of membranes, which molecules primarily form the bilayer?
Answer: Phospholipids
Phospholipids arrange into a bilayer with hydrophilic heads facing outward and hydrophobic tails inward, forming the membrane's core structure.
During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
Answer: S phase
DNA replication takes place during the S (synthesis) phase of interphase, before mitosis begins.
What type of cellular transport requires ATP and moves substances against their concentration gradient?
Answer: Active transport
Active transport uses ATP energy to pump molecules against their concentration gradient through specific carrier proteins.
Which organelle is the primary site of ATP production via oxidative phosphorylation in eukaryotes?
Answer: Mitochondria
Mitochondria perform oxidative phosphorylation using the electron transport chain and ATP synthase to produce most cellular ATP.