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Biology Genetics & Biological Diversity Flashcards

7 cards from real CLEP practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 7 Biology Genetics & Biological Diversity flashcards as text

  1. A woman who is a carrier for hemophilia (X^H X^h) has children with an unaffected man (X^H Y). What is the probability that a son will be affected?

    Answer: 50%

    Sons receive their X chromosome only from their mother; since mom is a carrier, each son has a 50% chance of inheriting the hemophilia allele.

  2. Which kingdom is characterized by organisms that are eukaryotic, heterotrophic, and absorb nutrients through their cell walls?

    Answer: Fungi

    Fungi are eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms that digest food externally and absorb the nutrients through their cell walls.

  3. What is the result of nondisjunction during meiosis II in a cell with 2n = 4?

    Answer: One gamete with an extra chromosome and one missing a chromosome, while two are normal

    Nondisjunction in meiosis II affects only one pair of sister chromatids, producing two abnormal gametes (n+1 and n-1) and two normal ones.

  4. Which of the following correctly distinguishes Archaea from Bacteria?

    Answer: Archaea lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls

    Archaea lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls (they use pseudopeptidoglycan or other polymers), which is a key biochemical distinction from Bacteria.

  5. In a test cross, a dominant phenotype individual is crossed with a homozygous recessive individual. A 1:1 offspring ratio indicates the dominant parent was:

    Answer: Heterozygous

    A 1:1 ratio in a test cross results when the dominant-phenotype parent is heterozygous (Aa), producing Aa and aa offspring in equal proportions.

  6. The concept of adaptive radiation best explains which of the following observations?

    Answer: Divergence of Darwin's finches into many species with different beak shapes

    Adaptive radiation occurs when a single ancestral species rapidly diversifies into multiple species that exploit different ecological niches, as seen in Darwin's finches.

  7. What does it mean when two genes are said to be 'linked'?

    Answer: They are located on the same chromosome

    Linked genes are located on the same chromosome and tend to be inherited together, violating Mendel's law of independent assortment.