CKA Cluster Maintenance 3

Question 1

Which kubeadm command upgrades the kubelet and kubectl on a control plane node after kubeadm upgrade apply?

Accepted Answer

apt-get upgrade kubelet kubectl

Answer

kubeadm upgrade node

Answer

kubeadm upgrade kubelet

Answer

systemctl restart kubelet

Question 2

What is the correct order of operations when upgrading a multi-node Kubernetes cluster using kubeadm?

Accepted Answer

Upgrade control plane first, then drain and upgrade each worker

Answer

Upgrade workers first, then control plane

Answer

Upgrade all nodes simultaneously

Answer

Upgrade etcd first, then workers, then control plane

Question 3

Which command shows the upgrade plan and available versions for a kubeadm-managed cluster?

Accepted Answer

kubeadm upgrade plan

Answer

kubeadm upgrade check

Answer

kubeadm version --upgrade

Answer

kubectl get upgrades

Question 4

How do you restore an etcd cluster from a snapshot taken with etcdctl?

Accepted Answer

etcdctl snapshot restore --data-dir

Answer

etcdctl snapshot load <file>

Answer

etcdctl restore --from-snapshot <file>

Answer

systemctl restore etcd --snapshot <file>

Question 5

A PodDisruptionBudget specifies minAvailable: 3 for a Deployment with 4 replicas. How many pods can kubectl drain evict at once?

Accepted Answer

1 pod

Answer

All 4 pods

Answer

3 pods

Answer

2 pods

Question 6

Which flag must be passed to etcdctl snapshot save to authenticate when etcd uses TLS?

Accepted Answer

--cacert, --cert, --key flags pointing to etcd certificates

Answer

--tls-verify=true

Answer

--auth-token <token>

Answer

--endpoints only

Question 7

What happens to pods managed by a DaemonSet when you run kubectl drain on a node?

Accepted Answer

They are skipped unless --ignore-daemonsets is passed, and not evicted

Answer

They are evicted and rescheduled on other nodes

Answer

They are deleted and not replaced

Answer

The drain fails with an error