CHT Patient Assessment and Monitoring in Dialysis 2

Question 1

What does 'interdialytic weight gain' primarily reflect in a hemodialysis patient?

Accepted Answer

Fluid accumulated between dialysis sessions due to inability to excrete water

Answer

Weight gained from increased skeletal muscle mass between treatments

Answer

Improvement in the patient's nutritional status between sessions

Answer

Change in the patient's bone density over the course of dialysis therapy

Question 2

Which laboratory value serves as the primary indicator for assessing hemodialysis treatment adequacy?

Accepted Answer

Urea reduction ratio (URR) or Kt/V urea

Answer

Serum potassium concentration

Answer

Hemoglobin and hematocrit levels

Answer

Serum phosphorus concentration

Question 3

During hemodialysis, which clinical presentation is most characteristic of an air embolism?

Accepted Answer

Sudden hypotension, dyspnea, cyanosis, and a mill-wheel cardiac murmur

Answer

Hypertension, bradycardia, and facial flushing

Answer

Elevated temperature, tachycardia, and rigors

Answer

Muscle cramps, diaphoresis, and hypoglycemia

Question 4

What is the generally recommended maximum ultrafiltration rate to reduce the risk of intradialytic hypotension?

Accepted Answer

Less than 13 mL/kg/hour

Answer

Less than 5 mL/kg/hour

Answer

Greater than 20 mL/kg/hour

Answer

Exactly 10 mL/kg/hour regardless of patient size

Question 5

After completing hemodialysis, a patient's post-treatment weight should ideally match which reference value?

Accepted Answer

The patient's established dry weight (target weight)

Answer

The patient's weight recorded one month prior

Answer

The average weight of demographically similar dialysis patients

Answer

The patient's body weight at the time dialysis therapy was first initiated

Question 6

Which pre-dialysis physical assessment finding is most consistent with fluid overload in a hemodialysis patient?

Accepted Answer

Bilateral pitting edema of the lower extremities and shortness of breath

Answer

Dry mucous membranes and decreased skin turgor

Answer

Pre-dialysis weight that is below the patient's established dry weight

Answer

Orthostatic hypotension upon transitioning from sitting to standing

Question 7

A palpable thrill and audible bruit over an arteriovenous fistula indicate which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Adequate blood flow through a functioning, patent fistula

Answer

Active infection at the cannulation site

Answer

Venous stenosis that requires urgent referral for intervention

Answer

Aneurysm formation at a frequently cannulated site