Investigation & Evidence Flashcards

Which of the following BEST describes 'circumstantial evidence'?

Answer: Evidence that requires an inference to connect it to a conclusion of fact

Circumstantial evidence requires the fact-finder to draw an inference linking the evidence to the conclusion.

A CPD detective is interviewing a juvenile suspect without a parent present. Under Illinois law, this situation:

Answer: May render the statement inadmissible if the juvenile did not knowingly waive rights

Illinois law provides extra protections for juvenile suspects, and statements obtained without appropriate safeguards may be suppressed.

An investigator finds latent fingerprints at a burglary scene. 'Latent' fingerprints are:

Answer: Invisible prints made from skin oils that require development to be seen

Latent fingerprints are invisible residue deposits that must be developed using powder, chemicals, or other techniques.

What legal standard must be met for a police officer to conduct a Terry stop (stop and frisk)?

Answer: Reasonable articulable suspicion that criminal activity is afoot

Terry v. Ohio established that reasonable articulable suspicion — less than probable cause — justifies a brief investigatory stop.

Which document formally authorizes law enforcement to search a specific location for specific items?

Answer: Search warrant

A search warrant is issued by a judge based on probable cause and specifies the place to be searched and items to be seized.

DNA evidence collected at a crime scene is most useful for:

Answer: Identifying or excluding individuals as contributors of biological material

DNA analysis compares genetic profiles to include or exclude individuals as the source of biological evidence.

When is an officer required to read Miranda warnings?

Answer: Before conducting a custodial interrogation

Miranda is required only when two conditions are met: custody and interrogation.