Basic Flashcards

When assessing the reliability of qualitative research, which of the following is a sign of ethical rigor?

Answer: consent was obtained and documented

In qualitative research, ethical rigor is paramount, and obtaining and documenting informed consent from participants is a fundamental ethical principle. This ensures that participants are fully aware of the research purpose, procedures, potential risks, and their right to withdraw, thereby respecting their autonomy and protecting their well-being. It contributes significantly to the trustworthiness and ethical soundness of the research findings.

In order to prepare for technical breakdown, it is best to:

Answer: routinely back up files

To prepare for technical breakdown and prevent data loss, routinely backing up files is the most effective and essential practice. This creates duplicate copies of important data, ensuring that even if a primary device fails or data becomes corrupted, a recent version can be recovered. While other options are good practices, regular backups directly address the risk of losing work due to technical issues.

Which of the following variables affects health behavior the most?

Answer: socioeconomic status

Socioeconomic status (SES) is a powerful determinant of health and health behaviors, encompassing factors like income, education, and occupation. It profoundly influences access to healthcare, healthy food, safe environments, and health-promoting resources, as well as knowledge and attitudes towards health. Research consistently shows that SES has a more pervasive and significant impact on health behaviors and outcomes than race, religion, or place of residence alone.

Typically, a mission statement reflects:

Answer: current status

A mission statement typically defines an organization's fundamental purpose, what it does, whom it serves, and its unique approach. It describes the organization's *current* identity and reason for existence, guiding its present actions and decisions. While future goals are often articulated in vision statements, the mission statement focuses on the organization's core business and values in the present.

A reliable source of secondary data for calculating influenza incidence rates is:

Answer: CDC

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is the leading national public health agency in the United States, responsible for protecting public health and safety through the control and prevention of disease, injury, and disability. The CDC collects, analyzes, and disseminates vast amounts of epidemiological data, including incidence rates for infectious diseases like influenza, making it a highly reliable source of secondary data for such information.

If a needs assessment determines if children in the neighborhood have received a whooping cough vaccination, the need that is highlighted in this is:

Answer: normative

A normative need is defined as a discrepancy between an observed or actual state and a desired or "normative" standard, as determined by experts or established guidelines. In this scenario, assessing if children have received a whooping cough vaccination compares the current vaccination status to the recommended public health standard for immunization. This highlights a gap between the current situation and an established norm, thus identifying a normative need.

The following is an illustration of a potential research participant who would be categorized as having limited autonomy:

Answer: pregnant woman

Individuals with limited autonomy are those who may be vulnerable or have diminished capacity to make fully informed decisions, requiring special protections in research. Pregnant women are often considered a vulnerable population in research due to the potential risks to the fetus and the unique ethical considerations involved. While the other options might present some vulnerabilities, pregnant women are specifically recognized as a group requiring enhanced safeguards for their and their unborn child's well-being.