CHC Health Behavior Theories & Models 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Self-Determination Theory identifies three basic psychological needs that support intrinsic motivation. Which of the following is NOT one of them?
- Autonomy
- Competence
- Relatedness
- Self-efficacy (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Self-efficacy
Self-Determination Theory identifies autonomy, competence, and relatedness as the three innate psychological needs; self-efficacy is a construct from Social Cognitive Theory, not SDT.
Question 2: The Social Ecological Model emphasizes that health behaviors are influenced by:
- Individual beliefs and attitudes only
- Multiple levels including individual, interpersonal, community, and policy (Correct answer)
- Genetic predispositions and family history
- Cognitive distortions and irrational beliefs
Correct answer: Multiple levels including individual, interpersonal, community, and policy
The Social Ecological Model recognizes that individual behavior is shaped by nested levels of influence: intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, community, and public policy.
Question 3: According to the Relapse Prevention Model developed by Marlatt and Gordon, a 'high-risk situation' is best defined as:
- Any stressful life event regardless of context
- A situation that threatens the individual's sense of control and increases risk of relapse (Correct answer)
- A medical emergency requiring immediate intervention
- A period of sustained behavior change lasting less than 30 days
Correct answer: A situation that threatens the individual's sense of control and increases risk of relapse
High-risk situations are those that challenge a person's sense of self-control and coping, making them vulnerable to reverting to unhealthy behaviors.
Question 4: Which type of social support involves providing information, advice, or guidance to help someone manage a health behavior?
- Emotional support
- Instrumental support
- Informational support (Correct answer)
- Appraisal support
Correct answer: Informational support
Informational support includes offering knowledge, advice, or education that helps individuals understand and navigate health-related decisions and behaviors.
Question 5: A client who believes that their health outcomes are largely determined by luck or powerful others demonstrates an external:
- Self-efficacy expectation
- Locus of control (Correct answer)
- Decisional balance
- Outcome expectancy
Correct answer: Locus of control
External locus of control refers to the belief that one's health and behaviors are controlled by outside forces such as fate, luck, or other people rather than oneself.
Question 6: In operant conditioning applied to health behavior change, positive reinforcement involves:
- Removing an unpleasant stimulus after a desired behavior
- Adding a rewarding stimulus following a desired behavior (Correct answer)
- Punishing an unhealthy behavior to reduce its frequency
- Observing a role model perform a healthy behavior
Correct answer: Adding a rewarding stimulus following a desired behavior
Positive reinforcement increases the likelihood of a behavior recurring by adding a pleasant stimulus or reward immediately following the desired behavior.
Question 7: Observational learning in Social Cognitive Theory suggests that people learn health behaviors primarily by:
- Trial and error through personal experience
- Watching and imitating the behaviors of others (Correct answer)
- Analyzing the costs and benefits of behaviors
- Receiving direct instructions from health professionals
Correct answer: Watching and imitating the behaviors of others
Bandura's observational learning (modeling) proposes that individuals acquire new behaviors by observing and imitating role models, especially those perceived as similar or credible.
CHC Health Behavior Theories & Models 2
Self-Determination Theory identifies three basic psychological needs that support intrinsic motivation.
Which of the following is NOT one of them?