CH Medical Terminology & Anatomy 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which anatomical term describes the region of the large intestine that curves from the ascending to the transverse colon?
- Sigmoid flexure
- Hepatic flexure (Correct answer)
- Splenic flexure
- Ileocecal junction
Correct answer: Hepatic flexure
The hepatic flexure (right colic flexure) is the bend where the ascending colon transitions into the transverse colon, located near the liver.
Question 2: The term 'peristalsis' refers to which type of movement in the gastrointestinal tract?
- Segmental mixing of intestinal contents
- Wave-like muscular contractions that propel contents forward (Correct answer)
- Retrograde flow of stomach contents
- Absorption of nutrients through the mucosa
Correct answer: Wave-like muscular contractions that propel contents forward
Peristalsis is the coordinated, wave-like contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle that propels contents through the GI tract.
Question 3: What does the prefix 'entero-' specifically refer to in medical terminology?
- Stomach
- Intestine (Correct answer)
- Liver
- Peritoneum
Correct answer: Intestine
The prefix 'entero-' derives from the Greek 'enteron,' meaning intestine, and is used in terms like enterocolitis and enterostomy.
Question 4: In anatomy, the term 'lumen' as applied to the colon refers to:
- The outer muscular wall layer
- The hollow interior space of the bowel (Correct answer)
- The mucosal lining of the intestine
- The mesenteric attachment point
Correct answer: The hollow interior space of the bowel
The lumen is the open, hollow channel running through a tubular organ such as the colon through which contents pass.
Question 5: Which suffix means 'surgical creation of an opening' as used in terms like 'colostomy'?
- -ectomy
- -ostomy (Correct answer)
- -otomy
- -plasty
Correct answer: -ostomy
The suffix '-ostomy' means the surgical creation of a permanent or semi-permanent opening, as in colostomy (opening into the colon).
Question 6: The haustra of the colon are best described as:
- Longitudinal muscle bands running along the colon
- Fatty appendages attached to the outer colon wall
- Pouch-like sacculations that give the colon its segmented appearance (Correct answer)
- Folds of mucosa in the small intestine
Correct answer: Pouch-like sacculations that give the colon its segmented appearance
Haustra are the bulging pouches or sacculations of the colon wall created by the tenia coli contracting and gathering the colon wall.
Question 7: What is the anatomical term for the junction between the ileum and the cecum?
- Pyloric sphincter
- Ileocecal valve (Correct answer)
- Rectosigmoid junction
- Hepatic flexure
Correct answer: Ileocecal valve
The ileocecal valve (also called Bauhin's valve) controls the flow of digested material from the small intestine (ileum) into the large intestine (cecum).
CH Medical Terminology & Anatomy 2
Which anatomical term describes the region of the large intestine that curves from the ascending to the transverse colon?