CGRN GI Nutrition and Therapeutic Diets 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which statement about probiotics in GI nursing is most accurate?
- Probiotics are contraindicated in all immunocompromised patients
- Probiotics have strong evidence for preventing C. difficile-associated diarrhea (Correct answer)
- Probiotics are only beneficial for ulcerative colitis
- Probiotics require a prescription in the United States
Correct answer: Probiotics have strong evidence for preventing C. difficile-associated diarrhea
Evidence supports probiotic use (especially Saccharomyces boulardii and Lactobacillus) for reducing antibiotic-associated and C. difficile diarrhea.
Question 2: A patient with celiac disease must strictly avoid which protein?
- Casein
- Gluten (Correct answer)
- Albumin
- Lactalbumin
Correct answer: Gluten
Gluten, found in wheat, barley, and rye, triggers the autoimmune response that damages intestinal villi in celiac disease.
Question 3: Short bowel syndrome most commonly results in malabsorption of which nutrient class?
- Simple sugars
- Water-soluble vitamins
- Fat-soluble vitamins and long-chain fatty acids (Correct answer)
- Sodium
Correct answer: Fat-soluble vitamins and long-chain fatty acids
Fat absorption requires adequate small bowel surface area; short bowel syndrome leads to fat and fat-soluble vitamin malabsorption.
Question 4: Which finding best indicates refeeding syndrome in a malnourished patient starting nutritional support?
- Hyperphosphatemia
- Hypophosphatemia (Correct answer)
- Hyperkalemia
- Hypermagnesemia
Correct answer: Hypophosphatemia
Refeeding syndrome is characterized by dangerous hypophosphatemia as phosphate shifts into cells during carbohydrate metabolism.
Question 5: A patient with pancreatitis who is transitioning from NPO to oral feeds should begin with which diet?
- High-fat soft diet
- Low-fat, low-fiber soft diet (Correct answer)
- Full liquid diet with protein supplements
- Regular diet immediately
Correct answer: Low-fat, low-fiber soft diet
A low-fat, low-fiber soft diet minimizes pancreatic stimulation during the recovery phase of acute pancreatitis.
Question 6: Which vitamin deficiency is most likely in a patient who has had a total gastrectomy?
- Vitamin A
- Vitamin B12 (Correct answer)
- Vitamin E
- Vitamin C
Correct answer: Vitamin B12
Total gastrectomy eliminates intrinsic factor production, making B12 absorption impossible without supplementation.
CGRN GI Nutrition and Therapeutic Diets 2
Which statement about probiotics in GI nursing is most accurate?