CFSP Nutrition Fundamentals 4 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Sodium intake recommendations for the general US adult population are set at no more than how many milligrams per day?
- 1,500 mg
- 2,300 mg (Correct answer)
- 3,000 mg
- 4,000 mg
Correct answer: 2,300 mg
The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend limiting sodium to less than 2,300 mg per day for the general adult population.
Question 2: Which statement best describes the difference between soluble and insoluble dietary fiber?
- Soluble fiber speeds digestion; insoluble fiber slows it
- Soluble fiber dissolves in water and can lower cholesterol; insoluble fiber adds bulk to stool (Correct answer)
- Insoluble fiber is found only in animal products; soluble fiber is found in plants
- Both types provide the same number of calories as carbohydrates
Correct answer: Soluble fiber dissolves in water and can lower cholesterol; insoluble fiber adds bulk to stool
Soluble fiber dissolves in water to form a gel-like substance that can help lower cholesterol, while insoluble fiber adds bulk and promotes bowel regularity.
Question 3: A CFSP is reviewing portion sizes for a hospital cafeteria menu. Which tool is most useful for determining age- and sex-specific nutrient recommendations?
- Food Frequency Questionnaire
- Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) (Correct answer)
- USDA Food Patterns
- Harris-Benedict Equation
Correct answer: Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)
Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) provide science-based nutrient recommendations for specific age groups and sexes used in meal planning.
Question 4: Which fat-soluble vitamin acts as an antioxidant and is found abundantly in nuts, seeds, and vegetable oils?
- Vitamin A
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin E (Correct answer)
- Vitamin K
Correct answer: Vitamin E
Vitamin E is a fat-soluble antioxidant found in high concentrations in nuts, seeds, and plant oils that protects cell membranes from oxidative damage.
Question 5: A menu item is described as 'heart-healthy.' According to FDA guidelines, which nutrient content claim requirements must the dish meet?
- Low in sugar and high in fiber
- Low in total fat, saturated fat, and sodium, and a good source of beneficial nutrients (Correct answer)
- Free of cholesterol and trans fat only
- High in omega-3 fatty acids and low in calories
Correct answer: Low in total fat, saturated fat, and sodium, and a good source of beneficial nutrients
FDA 'heart-healthy' claims require foods to be low in total fat, saturated fat, and sodium while also providing beneficial nutrients like fiber or vitamins.
Question 6: Vitamin B12 deficiency is most commonly observed in which population group?
- Children under age 5
- Strict vegans and older adults (Correct answer)
- Athletes with high caloric intake
- Individuals with high dairy consumption
Correct answer: Strict vegans and older adults
Vitamin B12 is found almost exclusively in animal products, making strict vegans and older adults (who absorb it less efficiently) most at risk for deficiency.
Question 7: Which cooking method best preserves water-soluble vitamins such as vitamin C and B vitamins in vegetables?
- Boiling in large amounts of water
- Steaming or microwaving (Correct answer)
- Deep-frying
- Slow-cooking for extended periods
Correct answer: Steaming or microwaving
Steaming and microwaving use minimal water and shorter cooking times, reducing the leaching and heat degradation of water-soluble vitamins.
CFSP Nutrition Fundamentals 4
Sodium intake recommendations for the general US adult population are set at no more than how many milligrams per day?