Nutrition Fundamentals Flashcards

Which macronutrient provides the most calories per gram?

Answer: Fat

Fat provides 9 calories per gram, compared to 4 calories per gram for both carbohydrates and protein.

Folate (folic acid) is especially important during pregnancy primarily to prevent which condition in the developing fetus?

Answer: Neural tube defects

Adequate folate intake before and during early pregnancy significantly reduces the risk of neural tube defects such as spina bifida.

Which of the following is classified as a complete protein because it contains all essential amino acids in adequate amounts?

Answer: Quinoa

Quinoa is a complete protein, containing all nine essential amino acids, which is rare among plant-based foods.

The DASH diet was originally developed to help manage which health condition?

Answer: Hypertension

DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) was specifically designed to reduce high blood pressure through diet.

A guest requests a meal that is low in purines. Which food should the chef avoid including?

Answer: Sardines

Sardines and other organ meats and shellfish are high in purines, which can trigger gout attacks in susceptible individuals.

Which of the following describes the role of dietary fiber in digestion?

Answer: It slows gastric emptying and promotes satiety

Dietary fiber slows gastric emptying, promotes feelings of fullness, and supports regular bowel movements without being fully digested.

When planning a menu for guests with lactose intolerance, which ingredient should be used as a milk alternative in a cream-based soup?

Answer: Unsweetened oat milk

Unsweetened oat milk is naturally lactose-free and can substitute for dairy milk in cream-based soups without causing digestive symptoms.