CFPT World History and Affairs 5 ā Questions and Answers
Question 1: The Dayton Accords of 1995 ended the war in which country and established a complex power-sharing government?
- Croatia
- Kosovo
- Bosnia and Herzegovina (Correct answer)
- Serbia
Correct answer: Bosnia and Herzegovina
The Dayton Peace Agreement, signed in November 1995, ended the Bosnian War and created a complex two-entity federal structure in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Question 2: The 'demographic dividend' theory, relevant to development economics, suggests that population growth can boost an economy when:
- The total population reaches 100 million citizens
- A large working-age cohort supports a smaller dependent population (Correct answer)
- Birth rates are higher than death rates for 25 consecutive years
- GDP per capita exceeds the global average
Correct answer: A large working-age cohort supports a smaller dependent population
The demographic dividend occurs when a country has a relatively large working-age population supporting fewer dependents, creating conditions for accelerated economic growth.
Question 3: The Genocide Convention of 1948 defines genocide as acts committed with the intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a group based on which criteria?
- Political, social, economic, or cultural characteristics
- National, ethnical, racial, or religious characteristics (Correct answer)
- Linguistic, territorial, ideological, or class characteristics
- Tribal, regional, sectarian, or occupational characteristics
Correct answer: National, ethnical, racial, or religious characteristics
The 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide defines protected groups by national, ethnical, racial, or religious characteristics, notably excluding political groups.
Question 4: Which regional organization, founded in 1967, includes Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand as founding members?
- Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
- Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) (Correct answer)
- Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO)
- Pacific Islands Forum
Correct answer: Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
ASEAN was founded in Bangkok in 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand to promote regional stability, economic cooperation, and political solidarity.
Question 5: The concept of 'soft power,' as defined by political scientist Joseph Nye, refers to a country's ability to influence others through:
- Economic sanctions and trade embargoes
- Military alliances and defense treaties
- Attraction and persuasion rather than coercion or payment (Correct answer)
- Foreign aid and development assistance programs
Correct answer: Attraction and persuasion rather than coercion or payment
Joseph Nye coined 'soft power' to describe a state's ability to shape others' preferences through appeal of its culture, political values, and foreign policies rather than through coercion or inducements.
Question 6: The International Criminal Court (ICC), established by the Rome Statute in 2002, has jurisdiction to prosecute individuals for which crimes?
- All human rights violations worldwide
- Genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression (Correct answer)
- Terrorism, drug trafficking, and piracy
- Torture, slavery, and forced disappearances only
Correct answer: Genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression
The ICC's jurisdiction covers the four core international crimes: genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and (since 2018) the crime of aggression.
Question 7: The 'domino theory,' which influenced US policy in Southeast Asia during the Cold War, posited that:
- Nuclear deterrence would prevent major power conflicts
- If one country fell to communism, neighboring countries would follow (Correct answer)
- Economic development was the best counter-insurgency strategy
- Communist states would eventually collapse due to internal contradictions
Correct answer: If one country fell to communism, neighboring countries would follow
The domino theory held that if one nation became communist, surrounding nations would be vulnerable to the same fate, justifying US intervention to prevent 'the first domino' from falling.
CFPT World History and Affairs 5
The Dayton Accords of 1995 ended the war in which country and established a complex power-sharing government?