CFPT World History and Affairs 4 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: The 'Washington Consensus' refers to a set of economic policies promoted in the 1990s that emphasized:
- State-led industrialization and protectionism
- Free market reforms, privatization, and fiscal austerity (Correct answer)
- Currency pegs to the US dollar
- Bilateral trade agreements between the US and Latin America
Correct answer: Free market reforms, privatization, and fiscal austerity
The Washington Consensus, coined by economist John Williamson, described a package of free-market reforms including privatization, deregulation, and fiscal discipline promoted by the IMF, World Bank, and US Treasury.
Question 2: Which international agreement, signed in 2015, aimed to limit global temperature rise to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels?
- Kyoto Protocol
- Copenhagen Accord
- Paris Agreement (Correct answer)
- Montreal Protocol
Correct answer: Paris Agreement
The Paris Agreement, adopted at COP21 in December 2015, committed nearly all nations to nationally determined contributions to limit global warming.
Question 3: The Truman Doctrine (1947) was primarily a response to communist pressures on which two countries?
- France and Italy
- Poland and Czechoslovakia
- Greece and Turkey (Correct answer)
- China and Korea
Correct answer: Greece and Turkey
President Truman's 1947 doctrine, requesting $400 million in aid, was specifically aimed at countering Soviet-backed communist insurgencies in Greece and Turkey.
Question 4: The fall of Saigon in April 1975 marked the end of the Vietnam War and the reunification of Vietnam under:
- A coalition government including both North and South
- Communist North Vietnamese control (Correct answer)
- US-backed South Vietnamese leadership
- UN-administered transitional authority
Correct answer: Communist North Vietnamese control
On April 30, 1975, North Vietnamese forces captured Saigon, ending the war and leading to the reunification of Vietnam as the Socialist Republic of Vietnam in 1976.
Question 5: The Bandung Conference of 1955 was significant because it:
- Established the Southeast Asian Treaty Organization (SEATO)
- Brought together newly independent Asian and African nations to promote anti-colonialism and solidarity (Correct answer)
- Created the framework for the Non-Aligned Movement's charter
- Negotiated the Korean War armistice terms
Correct answer: Brought together newly independent Asian and African nations to promote anti-colonialism and solidarity
The Bandung Conference in Indonesia gathered 29 newly independent Asian and African nations to assert shared anti-colonial and anti-racist principles, laying groundwork for the NAM.
Question 6: Which doctrine, issued in 1823, warned European powers against colonizing or interfering in the affairs of independent nations in the Western Hemisphere?
- Roosevelt Corollary
- Monroe Doctrine (Correct answer)
- Truman Doctrine
- Bush Doctrine
Correct answer: Monroe Doctrine
President James Monroe's 1823 doctrine declared the Western Hemisphere closed to new European colonization and interference, becoming a cornerstone of US foreign policy.
Question 7: The United Nations Security Council has five permanent members (P5), each holding veto power. Which country replaced the Republic of China (Taiwan) as the P5 representative for China in 1971?
- The People's Republic of China replaced Taiwan (Correct answer)
- Taiwan was expelled but no replacement was seated
- Hong Kong received the seat temporarily
- China's seat was suspended pending resolution
Correct answer: The People's Republic of China replaced Taiwan
UN General Assembly Resolution 2758 (1971) recognized the People's Republic of China as 'the only lawful representative of China' to the UN, transferring the Security Council seat from Taiwan.
CFPT World History and Affairs 4
The 'Washington Consensus' refers to a set of economic policies promoted in the 1990s that emphasized: