Public Speaking and Oral Communication Flashcards

When organizing a formal speech, which structure is generally most effective for persuasive presentations?

Answer: Problem-solution structure identifying an issue and proposing a remedy

The problem-solution structure is widely recognized as highly effective for persuasive speaking because it first establishes a need or problem (creating motivation to listen) and then provides a credible solution. Chronological order suits historical narratives; alphabetical listing is inappropriate for speeches; a single anecdote lacks the argumentative framework needed for persuasion.

A speaker notices the audience's eyes glazing over midway through a presentation. The BEST immediate response is to:

Answer: Pause, ask a rhetorical or direct question, and vary vocal tone to re-engage

Pausing and posing a question reactivates audience attention by inviting mental participation, and varying vocal tone disrupts the monotony that caused disengagement. Speeding up increases overload. Repeating the opening is redundant and signals poor preparation. Distributing handouts shifts focus but does not address the root cause.

Which of the following best describes 'active listening' in a professional communication context?

Answer: Maintaining eye contact, paraphrasing key points, and asking clarifying questions

Active listening involves full attention, verbal and non-verbal feedback (paraphrasing, clarifying questions), and confirmation that the message has been understood accurately. Formulating rebuttals while the speaker talks is reactive, not attentive. Continuous nodding can be misconstrued and is not substantive engagement. Verbatim note-taking without reaction does not confirm comprehension.

Non-verbal communication accounts for what approximate share of total interpersonal communication impact, according to widely cited communication research?

Answer: More than half

Mehrabian's widely cited research and subsequent communication studies suggest that non-verbal cues (body language, facial expressions, tone, proximity) account for a majority of the emotional impact of face-to-face communication — often cited at 55%+ for body language and tone combined, with verbal content accounting for a smaller share in emotionally charged interactions.

When delivering an impromptu speech with no preparation time, which technique is most recommended for quickly organizing thoughts?

Answer: Using the PREP method: Point, Reason, Example, Point

The PREP framework (state your Point, give a Reason, provide an Example, restate the Point) provides a fast, memorable structure that creates coherence under pressure. Stream-of-consciousness speaking lacks organization. Apologizing undermines credibility. Reading verbatim from notes is halting and impersonal.

Which of the following is the most effective way to manage public speaking anxiety before a formal presentation?

Answer: Use deep controlled breathing and thorough preparation and practice

Controlled breathing activates the parasympathetic nervous system and reduces physiological anxiety symptoms, while thorough preparation builds confidence through familiarity with the material. Avoiding rehearsal increases uncertainty. Stimulants can worsen physical anxiety symptoms. Focusing on audience reactions during delivery increases self-consciousness and disrupts flow.