CFO Anatomy & Physiology 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which tarsal bone articulates with both the tibia and fibula to form the ankle mortise?
- Calcaneus
- Navicular
- Talus (Correct answer)
- Cuboid
Correct answer: Talus
The talus forms the ankle mortise by articulating superiorly with the tibia and laterally with the fibula.
Question 2: The plantar fascia originates from which bony landmark?
- Navicular tuberosity
- Medial calcaneal tubercle (Correct answer)
- First metatarsal head
- Sustentaculum tali
Correct answer: Medial calcaneal tubercle
The plantar fascia originates from the medial calcaneal tubercle and fans out to insert at the metatarsal heads.
Question 3: Which muscle is primarily responsible for dorsiflexion of the ankle?
- Peroneus longus
- Tibialis posterior
- Tibialis anterior (Correct answer)
- Gastrocnemius
Correct answer: Tibialis anterior
The tibialis anterior is the primary dorsiflexor of the ankle, lifting the foot during the swing phase of gait.
Question 4: The Achilles tendon is the combined tendon of which two muscles?
- Soleus and plantaris
- Gastrocnemius and soleus (Correct answer)
- Tibialis posterior and flexor hallucis longus
- Peroneus longus and brevis
Correct answer: Gastrocnemius and soleus
The Achilles tendon is formed by the convergence of the gastrocnemius and soleus tendons.
Question 5: Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the dorsum of the foot?
- Sural nerve
- Tibial nerve
- Deep peroneal nerve (Correct answer)
- Saphenous nerve
Correct answer: Deep peroneal nerve
The deep peroneal nerve provides sensory innervation to the first web space and contributes to dorsal foot sensation.
Question 6: Which of the following describes the subtalar joint motion?
- Plantarflexion and dorsiflexion
- Inversion and eversion (Correct answer)
- Abduction and adduction only
- Flexion and extension
Correct answer: Inversion and eversion
The subtalar (talocalcaneal) joint primarily allows inversion and eversion of the hindfoot.
Question 7: The windlass mechanism of the foot is activated when which motion occurs?
- Ankle plantarflexion
- Knee flexion
- Great toe extension (Correct answer)
- Subtalar pronation
Correct answer: Great toe extension
Extension of the great toe tightens the plantar fascia via the windlass mechanism, raising the medial longitudinal arch.
CFO Anatomy & Physiology 2
Which tarsal bone articulates with both the tibia and fibula to form the ankle mortise?