CFC Flavor Extraction & Isolation Techniques 2

Question 1

The Simultaneous Distillation Extraction (SDE) technique, also known as the Likens-Nickerson apparatus, combines:

Accepted Answer

Steam distillation and solvent extraction in a single continuous step

Answer

Vacuum distillation and liquid chromatography

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Supercritical extraction and fractional distillation

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Headspace sampling and solid-phase extraction

Question 2

Molecular distillation (short-path distillation) is specifically advantageous for flavor concentrate processing because it:

Accepted Answer

Operates at very low pressures allowing distillation at temperatures below normal boiling points

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Uses no heat and relies entirely on membrane permeability

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Requires no vacuum and works at atmospheric pressure

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Separates compounds based on molecular weight using a centrifugal field only

Question 3

Vacuum distillation of flavor concentrates compared to atmospheric distillation primarily offers the advantage of:

Accepted Answer

Reducing the boiling point of volatile components to prevent thermal degradation

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Increasing the yield by raising the boiling point of target compounds

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Eliminating the need for a condenser in the distillation setup

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Allowing water-miscible solvents to be used as the mobile phase

Question 4

Solvent-Assisted Flavor Evaporation (SAFE) distillation is designed to:

Accepted Answer

Gently isolate volatiles from lipid-rich matrices under high vacuum without emulsification problems

Answer

Extract non-volatile flavor precursors using polar solvents at elevated temperature

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Concentrate flavor compounds by removing water through reverse osmosis

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Separate flavor compounds based on their molecular weight using ultrafiltration membranes

Question 5

In fractional distillation of a flavor mixture, the key parameter that determines separation efficiency between two components is:

Accepted Answer

The relative volatility (α) between the components

Answer

The absolute boiling point of the higher-boiling component

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The viscosity of the mixture at room temperature

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The refractive index difference between the two liquids

Question 6

Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), also known as accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), improves extraction efficiency compared to conventional Soxhlet extraction by:

Accepted Answer

Using elevated temperature and pressure to enhance solvent penetration and analyte solubility

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Lowering the solvent temperature to prevent thermal degradation of target analytes

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Replacing organic solvents entirely with compressed gas

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Using ultrasonic energy to disrupt cell walls before extraction

Question 7

Which type of column chromatography stationary phase is most appropriate for isolating flavor compounds by polarity fractionation as a first-pass cleanup step?

Accepted Answer

Silica gel (normal phase)

Answer

C18 reversed-phase silica

Answer

Ion-exchange resin

Answer

Size exclusion gel