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Toxicology & Drug Analysis Flashcards

7 cards from real CFC practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. A decedent is found with cherry-red lividity. In addition to carbon monoxide, which other toxicant can produce this postmortem finding?

    Answer: Cyanide

    Cyanide inhibits cytochrome c oxidase, preventing oxygen utilization and leaving blood fully oxygenated, producing cherry-red lividity similar to CO poisoning.

  2. In liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), the term 'multiple reaction monitoring' (MRM) refers to:

    Answer: Monitoring precursor-to-product ion transitions for quantitative drug confirmation

    MRM monitors specific precursor ion to product ion transitions, providing high selectivity and sensitivity for quantitative confirmation of drugs in biological matrices.

  3. Which organ is the primary site of drug metabolism in the body?

    Answer: Liver

    The liver is the primary organ of drug metabolism, containing high concentrations of cytochrome P450 enzymes responsible for phase I biotransformation.

  4. A forensic case involves suspected poisoning with organophosphate pesticide. Which biomarker is most useful for confirming acute exposure?

    Answer: Serum cholinesterase activity

    Organophosphates irreversibly inhibit acetylcholinesterase; depressed serum (pseudo)cholinesterase activity confirms acute organophosphate exposure.

  5. Which schedule classification under the U.S. Controlled Substances Act applies to drugs with no currently accepted medical use and high abuse potential?

    Answer: Schedule I

    Schedule I substances (e.g., heroin, LSD, marijuana federally) have no accepted medical use, a high potential for abuse, and a lack of accepted safety for use under medical supervision.

  6. In forensic toxicology, 'matrix effects' in mass spectrometry refer to:

    Answer: Interference from endogenous biological compounds affecting ionization efficiency

    Matrix effects occur when co-extracted endogenous compounds (salts, phospholipids) suppress or enhance ionization of the target analyte, affecting quantitative accuracy.

  7. A urine specimen tests positive on immunoassay for benzodiazepines. Which drug would NOT be detected by most standard benzodiazepine immunoassays due to structural differences?

    Answer: Clonazepam

    Clonazepam is a nitrobenzodiazepine that is poorly detected by many standard immunoassays calibrated to oxazepam, often requiring specific LC-MS/MS confirmation.