CFB Soil Science & Amendments 2

Question 1

Which soil texture has the highest water-holding capacity per unit volume?

Accepted Answer

Clay

Answer

Coarse sand

Answer

Sandy loam

Answer

Fine gravel

Question 2

On a soil penetrometer, readings consistently above 300 psi typically indicate:

Accepted Answer

Severe compaction that significantly restricts root growth

Answer

Optimal root zone conditions for turfgrass

Answer

Ideal moisture levels for game day use

Answer

Adequate macropore space in the root zone

Question 3

Calcitic limestone is applied to sports field soils primarily to:

Accepted Answer

Raise soil pH by neutralizing acidity

Answer

Improve macropore drainage

Answer

Add organic matter to the root zone

Answer

Reduce surface compaction after heavy use

Question 4

According to USGA green construction specifications, approximately what percentage of the root zone mix is sand?

Accepted Answer

80–100%

Answer

30–40%

Answer

50–60%

Answer

60–70%

Question 5

Which amendment improves both drainage AND cation exchange capacity in sports field soils?

Accepted Answer

Calcined clay (e.g., Turface)

Answer

Coarse sand

Answer

Calcite powder

Answer

Elemental sulfur

Question 6

What is the primary concern with incorporating excessive organic matter into a sports field root zone?

Accepted Answer

It decomposes over time, leading to settling and reduced drainage

Answer

It raises pH too rapidly, causing nutrient lockout

Answer

It immediately repels water causing hydrophobic conditions

Answer

It permanently increases compaction resistance

Question 7

What does soil bulk density measure?

Accepted Answer

The mass of dry soil per unit of total volume, including pore spaces

Answer

The weight of solid soil particles only, excluding pore space

Answer

The total water content of a saturated soil sample

Answer

The compressive load the soil can bear before failure