Anatomy, Physiology & Surgical Pathology Flashcards
7 cards from real CFA practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Anatomy, Physiology & Surgical Pathology flashcards as text
Which anatomical structure forms the posterior wall of the inguinal canal?
Answer: Transversalis fascia and conjoint tendon
The posterior wall of the inguinal canal is formed by the transversalis fascia laterally and the conjoint tendon (falx inguinalis) medially.
A surgical patient develops oliguria (urine output <0.5 mL/kg/hr) postoperatively. The FIRST step in assessment is to:
Answer: Check for urinary catheter obstruction and assess volume status
Before any intervention, the first assistant should rule out mechanical obstruction of the Foley catheter and assess whether the patient is hypovolemic, as these are the most common correctable causes.
The Zone of Hesselbach's triangle is bounded by the inguinal ligament, inferior epigastric vessels, and the:
Answer: Lateral border of the rectus abdominis
Hesselbach's triangle is defined by the inguinal ligament inferiorly, inferior epigastric vessels laterally, and the lateral border of the rectus abdominis medially.
In surgical pathology, 'carcinoma in situ' means the tumor:
Answer: Is confined above the basement membrane with no invasion
Carcinoma in situ (CIS) describes a malignant epithelial lesion that has not breached the basement membrane and therefore has not invaded surrounding stroma.
During a right total knee arthroplasty, the popliteal artery is at risk because it lies:
Answer: Posterior to the knee joint in the popliteal fossa
The popliteal artery courses directly posterior to the knee joint in the popliteal fossa and can be injured during posterior capsule release or saw cuts.
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction underlies latex allergy manifesting as anaphylaxis in the OR?
Answer: Type I (IgE-mediated immediate hypersensitivity)
Latex anaphylaxis is a Type I IgE-mediated immediate hypersensitivity reaction triggered by latex proteins binding to mast cell-bound IgE.
The 'golden hour' concept in trauma surgery emphasizes that survival is most improved by:
Answer: Definitive surgical hemorrhage control within 60 minutes of injury
Rapid surgical control of hemorrhage within the first hour of injury dramatically reduces mortality by preventing exsanguination and the lethal triad of hypothermia, acidosis, and coagulopathy.