Anatomy, Physiology & Surgical Pathology Flashcards
7 cards from real CFA practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Anatomy, Physiology & Surgical Pathology flashcards as text
Which nerve is most at risk during a laparoscopic appendectomy if the trocar is placed too medially in the right iliac fossa?
Answer: Ilioinguinal nerve
The ilioinguinal nerve runs along the inguinal region and can be injured by medial trocar placement in the right iliac fossa during laparoscopic appendectomy.
The 'triangle of doom' in laparoscopic hernia repair contains which critical structure that must not be stapled?
Answer: External iliac artery and vein
The triangle of doom is bounded by the vas deferens and gonadal vessels, containing the external iliac vessels, which can be catastrophically injured by misplaced staples.
Metaplasia, as a pathological process, is best described as:
Answer: Reversible replacement of one differentiated cell type by another
Metaplasia is a reversible adaptive change where one mature cell type is replaced by another mature type better suited to the altered environment, such as Barrett's esophagus.
During a Whipple procedure (pancreaticoduodenectomy), the gastroduodenal artery is ligated. This artery is a branch of the:
Answer: Celiac trunk via common hepatic artery
The gastroduodenal artery branches from the common hepatic artery, which arises from the celiac trunk, and must be divided during the Whipple resection.
Which physiological parameter best reflects the adequacy of tissue oxygen delivery in a postoperative surgical patient?
Answer: Central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2)
ScvO2 reflects the balance between oxygen delivery and consumption at the tissue level; values below 70% suggest inadequate oxygen delivery.
The inguinal ligament extends between the anterior superior iliac spine and the:
Answer: Pubic tubercle
The inguinal (Poupart's) ligament runs from the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle, forming the inferior border of the inguinal canal.
Reperfusion injury following restoration of blood flow to ischemic tissue is primarily mediated by:
Answer: Reactive oxygen species and neutrophil activation
Reperfusion generates a burst of reactive oxygen species and activates neutrophils, paradoxically causing additional cellular damage beyond the initial ischemic injury.