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Anatomy, Physiology & Surgical Pathology Flashcards

7 cards from real CFA practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. Which type of surgical wound classification carries the highest risk of postoperative infection?

    Answer: Class IV (Dirty-infected)

    Class IV dirty-infected wounds involve existing infection or perforated viscera and carry infection rates exceeding 40%.

  2. The blood supply to the femoral head is primarily provided by branches of the:

    Answer: Medial femoral circumflex artery

    The medial femoral circumflex artery supplies the majority of blood to the femoral head; its disruption in femoral neck fractures causes avascular necrosis.

  3. Surgical emphysema (subcutaneous emphysema) is air trapped in which tissue layer?

    Answer: Subcutaneous tissue

    Surgical emphysema refers specifically to air dissecting into the subcutaneous tissue, producing a characteristic crackling sensation on palpation.

  4. A patient undergoing thyroidectomy is at risk for hypocalcemia because of inadvertent removal of the:

    Answer: Parathyroid glands

    The four parathyroid glands regulate calcium homeostasis, and their accidental excision or devascularization during thyroidectomy causes postoperative hypocalcemia.

  5. In the context of surgical pathology, 'dysplasia' refers to:

    Answer: Abnormal cellular growth with loss of normal differentiation

    Dysplasia describes disordered, abnormal cellular proliferation that may be a precursor to malignancy but is not yet invasive.

  6. The hepatoduodenal ligament forming the anterior border of the epiploic foramen (foramen of Winslow) contains all of the following EXCEPT:

    Answer: Inferior vena cava

    The hepatoduodenal ligament contains the portal vein (posterior), hepatic artery (left), and common bile duct (right); the IVC lies behind the foramen, not within the ligament.

  7. Which physiological process is primarily responsible for wound contraction during the proliferative phase of healing?

    Answer: Myofibroblast contraction

    Myofibroblasts, which possess smooth muscle-like contractile properties, are responsible for drawing wound edges together during wound contraction.