Data Collection & Survey Techniques Flashcards

What is the primary purpose of a pilot survey?

Answer: To test survey questions and procedures

A pilot survey is a small-scale preliminary study conducted before the main survey. Its primary purpose is to test the questionnaire for clarity, identify any ambiguous or confusing questions, and assess the feasibility of the survey procedures. This helps refine the survey instrument and methodology, ensuring a smoother and more effective main data collection process.

Which sampling method ensures every member of the population has an equal chance of selection?

Answer: Simple random sampling

Simple random sampling is a fundamental probability sampling method where every individual in the population has an equal and independent chance of being selected for the sample. This method helps to ensure that the sample is representative of the larger population, minimizing selection bias. By giving each member an equal chance, it allows for more reliable generalization of findings from the sample to the entire population.

What is the key advantage of using structured interviews in data collection?

Answer: They standardize responses for easier analysis

Structured interviews use a predetermined set of questions asked in a consistent manner to all respondents. This standardization ensures that data is collected uniformly, making it easier to compare responses across participants and facilitating quantitative analysis. While they may limit spontaneity, they enhance reliability and validity for specific research objectives by reducing interviewer bias.

Which of the following is an example of a leading question to avoid?

Answer: "Don't you agree that our product is the best?"

A leading question is phrased in a way that suggests a particular answer or biases the respondent towards a certain viewpoint. The example "Don't you agree that our product is the best?" clearly implies the desired answer, influencing the respondent and compromising the objectivity of the data collected. Field associates should avoid such questions to gather unbiased and accurate opinions.

What is the purpose of informed consent in data collection?

Answer: To protect respondent rights and ensure transparency

Informed consent is an ethical principle requiring researchers to fully inform participants about the nature, purpose, risks, and benefits of a study before they agree to participate. It ensures that individuals voluntarily and knowingly consent to data collection, protecting their autonomy, privacy, and overall rights. This transparency builds trust and upholds ethical research practices, which is fundamental for credible data collection.

Which data collection method is most suitable for sensitive topics?

Answer: Self-administered anonymous surveys

For sensitive topics, self-administered anonymous surveys are often the most suitable data collection method. Anonymity reduces social desirability bias and encourages respondents to provide more honest and candid answers, as they feel less judged or exposed. The lack of direct interaction with an interviewer further enhances this sense of privacy and security, leading to more truthful responses on delicate subjects.

What is the key difference between quantitative and qualitative data?

Answer: Quantitative is numerical; qualitative is descriptive

Quantitative data is numerical and measurable, while qualitative data is descriptive.

Why is data cleaning an important step in survey research?

Answer: To identify and correct errors in collected data

Data cleaning ensures accuracy by identifying and correcting errors or inconsistencies.

Which of the following best describes 'response bias'?

Answer: Systematic error in how respondents answer questions

Response bias occurs when respondents provide inaccurate answers, intentionally or unintentionally.