CET Doppler Echocardiography & Spectral Analysis 3

Question 1

Which Doppler pattern at the mitral valve is consistent with Grade I (impaired relaxation) diastolic dysfunction?

Accepted Answer

E/A <1 with prolonged deceleration time (>220 ms)

Answer

E/A >2 with short deceleration time (<150 ms)

Answer

E/A = 1 with normal deceleration time

Answer

Bidirectional M-shaped diastolic flow

Question 2

The velocity-time integral (VTI) obtained by tracing the spectral Doppler envelope is used to calculate:

Accepted Answer

Stroke volume when multiplied by cross-sectional area

Answer

Peak pressure gradient across a valve

Answer

Ejection fraction by biplane method

Answer

Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure

Question 3

In color M-mode Doppler, the propagation velocity (Vp) of early diastolic inflow is used to:

Accepted Answer

Estimate left ventricular relaxation and filling pressure

Answer

Quantify mitral regurgitation severity

Answer

Measure peak aortic outflow velocity

Answer

Assess right ventricular dP/dt

Question 4

The dP/dt measurement in mitral regurgitation is obtained by measuring the time for the MR jet velocity to increase from:

Accepted Answer

1 m/s to 3 m/s on the continuous-wave Doppler envelope

Answer

0 to peak velocity

Answer

Peak velocity to end-systolic velocity

Answer

Baseline to aliasing velocity

Question 5

Which of the following correctly describes how to avoid underestimation of a stenotic valve gradient by Doppler?

Accepted Answer

Align the Doppler beam as parallel as possible to the direction of flow

Answer

Use a high-frequency transducer and large sample volume

Answer

Use the apical two-chamber view exclusively

Answer

Increase wall filters to suppress low-frequency signals

Question 6

A hepatic vein Doppler recording showing prominent systolic flow reversal is most consistent with:

Accepted Answer

Severe tricuspid regurgitation

Answer

Constrictive pericarditis with inspiration

Answer

Pulmonary hypertension without TR

Answer

Normal variant in young patients

Question 7

When performing a continuous-wave Doppler assessment of aortic stenosis from the apical window, the spectral envelope has a characteristic shape. Which feature indicates the peak gradient?

Accepted Answer

The peak velocity at the apex of the Doppler waveform

Answer

The area enclosed by the entire spectral envelope (VTI)

Answer

The width of the spectral envelope at mid-systole

Answer

The deceleration time from peak to end of systole