CET Doppler Echocardiography & Spectral Analysis 2

Question 1

The E/e' ratio obtained by combining mitral inflow E wave and tissue Doppler e' velocity is used to estimate:

Accepted Answer

Left atrial pressure and diastolic filling pressures

Answer

Left ventricular ejection fraction

Answer

Right ventricular systolic pressure

Answer

Aortic valve area

Question 2

Which Doppler finding is characteristic of constrictive pericarditis when compared to restrictive cardiomyopathy?

Accepted Answer

Respiratory variation >25% in mitral E-wave velocity

Answer

Increased E/A ratio with prolonged deceleration time

Answer

Reduced tissue Doppler e' velocity below 7 cm/s

Answer

Absent hepatic vein diastolic flow reversal

Question 3

Proximal isovelocity surface area (PISA) is used in echocardiography to calculate:

Accepted Answer

Regurgitant flow rate and effective regurgitant orifice area

Answer

Left ventricular volume

Answer

Cardiac output from aortic Doppler

Answer

Pulmonary artery pressure

Question 4

When measuring the aortic valve area by the continuity equation, which three parameters are required?

Accepted Answer

LVOT diameter, LVOT VTI, and aortic VTI

Answer

Peak aortic velocity, mean gradient, and valve area

Answer

LVOT VTI, heart rate, and body surface area

Answer

Aortic VTI, left atrial volume, and ejection fraction

Question 5

In a patient with mitral regurgitation, the vena contracta is best defined as:

Accepted Answer

The narrowest portion of the regurgitant jet just distal to the orifice

Answer

The width of the color jet at the level of the mitral annulus

Answer

The largest diameter of the regurgitant jet in the left atrium

Answer

The area of flow convergence proximal to the valve

Question 6

What does a peak tricuspid regurgitation jet velocity of 3.5 m/s indicate when estimating right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP)?

Accepted Answer

RVSP ≈ 49 mmHg plus right atrial pressure

Answer

RVSP ≈ 29 mmHg plus right atrial pressure

Answer

RVSP ≈ 12 mmHg plus right atrial pressure

Answer

RVSP ≈ 16 mmHg plus right atrial pressure

Question 7

Pulmonary vein Doppler showing blunted systolic (S) wave with predominant diastolic (D) wave and prominent atrial reversal (Ar) suggests:

Accepted Answer

Elevated left atrial pressure and impaired relaxation grade III or IV

Answer

Normal diastolic function

Answer

Severe aortic stenosis

Answer

Right heart failure with volume overload