CET Cardiovascular Anatomy & Physiology 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which valve separates the left atrium from the left ventricle?
- Tricuspid valve
- Pulmonary valve
- Mitral valve (Correct answer)
- Aortic valve
Correct answer: Mitral valve
The mitral (bicuspid) valve controls blood flow between the left atrium and left ventricle.
Question 2: The coronary sinus drains deoxygenated blood from the myocardium into which cardiac chamber?
- Right ventricle
- Left atrium
- Right atrium (Correct answer)
- Left ventricle
Correct answer: Right atrium
The coronary sinus empties venous blood from the myocardium into the right atrium near the tricuspid valve.
Question 3: What is the approximate normal left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in a healthy adult?
- 35–45%
- 55–70% (Correct answer)
- 45–55%
- 70–80%
Correct answer: 55–70%
Normal LVEF is generally considered 55–70%, reflecting adequate systolic function.
Question 4: Which layer of the heart wall contains the cardiac muscle cells responsible for contraction?
- Epicardium
- Pericardium
- Endocardium
- Myocardium (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Myocardium
The myocardium is the thick muscular middle layer composed of cardiomyocytes that generate the pumping force.
Question 5: In the fetal circulation, the ductus arteriosus connects which two vessels?
- Aorta and superior vena cava
- Pulmonary artery and aorta (Correct answer)
- Pulmonary vein and left atrium
- Right and left pulmonary arteries
Correct answer: Pulmonary artery and aorta
The ductus arteriosus shunts blood from the pulmonary artery to the aorta, bypassing the fetal lungs.
Question 6: Which pressure is measured at the beginning of ventricular relaxation and represents the lowest point of the aortic pressure waveform?
- Pulse pressure
- Mean arterial pressure
- Diastolic pressure (Correct answer)
- Systolic pressure
Correct answer: Diastolic pressure
Diastolic pressure reflects the lowest arterial pressure occurring during ventricular relaxation.
Question 7: The papillary muscles in the left ventricle are connected to the mitral valve leaflets via which structures?
- Chordae tendineae (Correct answer)
- Trabeculae carneae
- Moderator band
- Annulus fibrosus
Correct answer: Chordae tendineae
Chordae tendineae are tendinous cords that tether the mitral leaflets to the papillary muscles, preventing prolapse.
CET Cardiovascular Anatomy & Physiology 2
Which valve separates the left atrium from the left ventricle?