CET CET Hemodynamic Assessment & Measurements 2

Question 1

Which Doppler measurement is used to assess right ventricular dP/dt?

Accepted Answer

Rate of rise of the tricuspid regurgitation CW Doppler signal between 1 and 3 m/s

Answer

Peak tricuspid annular systolic velocity (S')

Answer

Right ventricular outflow tract acceleration time

Answer

Hepatic vein systolic reversal fraction

Question 2

What does a TAPSE (tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion) value of <17mm indicate?

Accepted Answer

Mildly reduced right ventricular systolic function

Answer

Normal right ventricular systolic function

Answer

Severely reduced right ventricular systolic function

Answer

Normal left ventricular diastolic function

Question 3

The inferior vena cava (IVC) diameter and its respiratory variation are used to estimate which hemodynamic parameter?

Accepted Answer

Right atrial pressure

Answer

Left atrial pressure

Answer

Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure

Answer

Cardiac output

Question 4

Which Doppler parameter is used to assess left ventricular relaxation in diastolic dysfunction grading?

Accepted Answer

Septal and lateral mitral annular e' velocities

Answer

Mitral E/A ratio alone

Answer

Pulmonary artery acceleration time

Answer

Left ventricular outflow tract VTI

Question 5

What is the significance of a mitral valve deceleration time (DT) of less than 150ms?

Accepted Answer

Restrictive filling pattern suggesting elevated LV filling pressures

Answer

Normal diastolic function

Answer

Impaired relaxation pattern (grade I diastolic dysfunction)

Answer

Pseudonormal filling pattern

Question 6

Which formula correctly calculates cardiac output (CO) using echocardiographic measurements?

Accepted Answer

CO = LVOT CSA × LVOT VTI × heart rate

Answer

CO = LV end-diastolic volume × heart rate

Answer

CO = Peak aortic velocity × LVOT diameter

Answer

CO = Mean mitral gradient / heart rate