CES CES Pain Science and Injury Prevention 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which movement pattern distortion is characterized by excessive forward lean of the trunk during an overhead squat assessment?
- Knee valgus
- Anterior pelvic tilt
- Overactive soleus and gastrocnemius (Correct answer)
- Lumbo-pelvic-hip complex instability
Correct answer: Overactive soleus and gastrocnemius
Excessive forward lean during the overhead squat often indicates overactive/tight soleus and gastrocnemius muscles limiting ankle dorsiflexion.
Question 2: The 'cumulative injury cycle' describes which progression of events leading to chronic injury?
- Tissue damage → repair → remodeling → full recovery
- Tissue trauma → inflammation → muscle spasm → adhesions → altered neuromuscular control → more injury (Correct answer)
- Overtraining → fatigue → acute injury → rest → return to sport
- Dehydration → cramping → micro-tears → scar tissue
Correct answer: Tissue trauma → inflammation → muscle spasm → adhesions → altered neuromuscular control → more injury
The cumulative injury cycle shows how tissue trauma leads to inflammation, spasm, adhesion formation, and altered movement, perpetuating a cycle of further injury.
Question 3: Which risk factor is classified as 'intrinsic' to the athlete when assessing injury prevention?
- Poor field surface conditions
- Inadequate footwear
- Muscle imbalance or weakness (Correct answer)
- Extreme weather conditions
Correct answer: Muscle imbalance or weakness
Intrinsic risk factors originate within the individual, such as muscle imbalances, movement dysfunction, previous injury, and anatomical alignment.
Question 4: Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is commonly associated with which movement impairment?
- Excessive ankle plantarflexion
- Hip abductor and external rotator weakness leading to knee valgus (Correct answer)
- Overactive quadriceps with inhibited hamstrings
- Excessive lumbar extension during gait
Correct answer: Hip abductor and external rotator weakness leading to knee valgus
Weakness of the hip abductors and external rotators causes femoral internal rotation and adduction, producing knee valgus and abnormal patellar tracking associated with PFPS.
Question 5: What is 'relative flexibility' in the context of the kinetic chain and injury risk?
- Flexibility measured relative to body weight
- The tendency for motion to occur at the path of least resistance rather than at the intended joint (Correct answer)
- Flexibility specific to one side of the body
- Flexibility that changes relative to load intensity
Correct answer: The tendency for motion to occur at the path of least resistance rather than at the intended joint
Relative flexibility describes how the body compensates by taking the path of least resistance through a more flexible (or less stable) segment when a less flexible segment is restricted.
Question 6: Which common overuse injury involves inflammation or degeneration of the plantar fascia and is associated with limited ankle dorsiflexion and excessive pronation?
- Achilles tendinopathy
- Plantar fasciitis (Correct answer)
- Posterior tibial tendinopathy
- Metatarsal stress fracture
Correct answer: Plantar fasciitis
Plantar fasciitis involves irritation of the plantar fascia, often associated with tightness in the gastrocnemius/soleus complex limiting dorsiflexion and excessive foot pronation.
CES CES Pain Science and Injury Prevention 2
Which movement pattern distortion is characterized by excessive forward lean of the trunk during an overhead squat assessment?