Human Anatomy & Biomechanics Flashcards
6 cards from real CES practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 6 Human Anatomy & Biomechanics flashcards as text
The neutral wrist position is best described as:
Answer: Straight alignment with the forearm
Neutral wrist is a straight, aligned position with minimal flexion, extension, or deviation, which minimizes pressure on the carpal tunnel contents.
What is the approximate compression force on the L4/L5 disc when lifting 10 kg with a stooped back?
Answer: Over 3,000 N
Stooped lifting dramatically increases the moment arm of the load, producing compressive disc forces well above 3,000 N, far exceeding the NIOSH action limit.
Which type of muscle contraction generates the most force?
Answer: Eccentric
Eccentric contractions (muscle lengthening under load) produce greater force than isometric or concentric contractions, which is why they are a common source of delayed onset muscle soreness.
The rotator cuff consists of how many muscles?
Answer: 4
The rotator cuff is made up of four muscles — supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis — that stabilize the glenohumeral joint.
What biomechanical principle explains why a longer handle on a tool reduces grip force requirements?
Answer: Leverage (moment arm) principle
A longer handle increases the moment arm, so the same torque can be achieved with less applied force, reducing grip and pinch force demands.
Which connective tissue structure wraps around a tendon and secretes lubricating fluid?
Answer: Tendon sheath (tenosynovium)
The tenosynovium (tendon sheath) surrounds certain tendons and produces synovial fluid to reduce friction during movement; inflammation of this structure is tenosynovitis.